Flagellar Morphology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Fujino et al) Sakazaki, Iwanami and Fukumi 19631

Microbiology and Immunology

Yakiyama

Yasui

et al. 1992

Lateral (L-) flagella-having vibrios were classified into 13 H-serogroups (flagellar antigen serogroups) by means of H-agglutination test. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was classified into 3 serogroups, HL1 to 3. V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi were classified into 5 and 3 serogroups, respectively, but 2 of those were serogroups common to the both species. V. fluvialis and V. furnissii constituted a same serogroup, HL8. Cross-reactivity between each serogroup was not observed in H-agglutination test, although some cross-reactivity was observed in gel diffusion test. Furthermore, similarity of DNA sequence of L-flagellar structure gene was demonstrated by dot blot hybridization test with a DNA probe of HL2 L-flagellar gene fragment. These results suggest conservation of DNA sequence of the L-flagellar gene of vibrios.

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confidence: 96%

Lateral Flagella of Vibrios: Serological Classification and Genetical Similarity

Microbiology and Immunology

Yakiyama

Yasui

et al. 1992

“…Lateral flagella were produced only on agar plates (3, 17, 18) and were easily removed from the cells mechanically (17, 18), whereas the single polar flagellum was produced either in liquid medium or on agar plates (3, 17, 18) and could only be removed from the cells by vigorous agitation (7). The single polar flagellum has a sheath-like structure, whereas the lateral flagella do not (1,7,17,18). Moreover, lateral flagella are of the curly type, whereas the single polar flagellum is a normal type (17,181.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the antigenic difference, several other different properties of these two flagella were reported. Lateral flagella were produced only on agar plates (3, 17, 18) and were easily removed from the cells mechanically (17,18), whereas the single polar flagellum was produced either in liquid medium or on agar plates (3, 17, 18) and could only be removed from the cells by vigorous agitation (7). The single polar flagellum has a sheath-like structure, whereas the lateral flagella do not (1,7,17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Flagellar Antigens of Various Species of the Genus Vibrio and Related Genera

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

Kariyama

Ogawa

et al. 1976

The antigenicity of purified flagellin prepared from the single polar flagellum of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found to be common to that of all strains tested, i.e., V . alginolyticus, V . cholerae, V . anguillarum, V . piscium, V . ichthyodermis, Beneckea natriegens, B . campbellii, B . nereida, B . pelagia, and B . neptuna. On the other hand, the antigenicity of purified flagellin prepared from the lateral flagella of V . parahaemolyticus was common to that of V . alginolyticus but not to that of B . campbellii or B. neptuna. Some physicochemical properties of flagellin from the single polar flagellum of V . parahaemolyticus were found to be similar to those of flagellins from other strains, such as those of V. anguillarum and B . neptuna.Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses lateral flagella in addition to a polar monotrichous flagella in addition to a single polar flagellum under certain culture conditions (1,3,4, 16-18>. (In previous papers from this laboratory [8, 11-131, lateral flagella were described as peritrichous. However, to distinguish them from the flagella of true peritrichous cells, such as those found in Enterobmteriaceae, we use the term lateral flagella in this paper.) Previously, we reported an antigenic difference between the polar and lateral flagella of V . parahaemolyticus (8, 12, 13). In addition to the antigenic difference, several other different properties of these two flagella were reported. Lateral flagella were produced only on agar plates (3, 17, 18) and were easily removed from the cells mechanically (17, 18), whereas the single polar flagellum was produced either in liquid medium or on agar plates (3, 17, 18) and could only be removed from the cells by vigorous agitation (7). The single polar flagellum has a sheath-like structure, whereas the lateral flagella do not (1,7,17,18). Moreover, lateral flagella are of the curly type, whereas the single polar flagellum is a normal type (17,181. This paper reports studies on the distribution of these two kinds of flagellar antigens in various species of the genus Vibrio and related genera. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains and growth media. The Vibrio and Beneckea strains used are listed in Table 1. (The genus Beneckea is not recognized in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th ed.); it is described as a genus of uncertain taxonomic position. In this paper, we adopted the proposal of Baumann e t al. 131 for the species of the genus Beneckea.) Modified MOF (MMOF) medium contains the following constituents (grams per liter): Casitone (Difco), 1; yeast extract (Difco), 4.5; tris(hydroxymethy1)aminomethm e , 0.5; boric acid, 0.011; ammonium sulfate, 0.5; disodium phosphate, 0.004; ammonium nitrate, 0.0008; sodium chloride, 9.7; magnesium chloride, 4.4; sodium sulfate, 1.6; potassium chloride, 0.275; sodium bicarbonate, 0.08; potassium bromide, 0.04; strontium chloride, 0.017; sodium silicate, 0.002; and sodium fluoride, 0.0012 MMOF agar contains 20 g of agar (Difco) per liter in addition to the above-mentioned components. The mediu...

“…Cross reactivity be tween H-serovars of these two species and other vibrios having lateral flagella, such as V. parahaemolyticus, V. campbellii, V. proteus, or V. fluvialis, was not observed in the H-agglutination test, although partial common antigenicity was observed in the gel diffusion test with flagellin monomers. These observations suggest that surface antigenic determinants of the lateral flagella of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi are specific to these two species but internal antigenic determinants buried in the flagellar filaments are partially shared with other vibrio species.Some species of genus Vibrio have two kinds of flagella, lateral flagella (Lflagella) and polar monotrichous flagella (M-flagella) (1,4,20). Cells grown in liquid media possess only one M-flagellum on one end of each rod cell, whereas cells grown on agar media have both kinds of flagella on one cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some species of genus Vibrio have two kinds of flagella, lateral flagella (Lflagella) and polar monotrichous flagella (M-flagella) (1,4,20). Cells grown in liquid media possess only one M-flagellum on one end of each rod cell, whereas cells grown on agar media have both kinds of flagella on one cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lateral Flagellar Antigen of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi: Existence of Serovars Common to the Two Species

Microbiology and Immunology

Nakahara

Uchida

et al. 1985

The antigenicity of lateral (L-) flagella of two marine vibrios, Vibrio alginolyticus and V. harveyi, was studied, and the two species were found to have common antigenicity of their flagella. Antisera against L-flagella were prepared by immunizing rabbits with highly purified L-flagellar filaments. H-Agglutination tests with the anti-L-flagella antisera showed that four H-serovars existed in these species and that two of them were shared by the two species. Cross reactivity be tween H-serovars of these two species and other vibrios having lateral flagella, such as V. parahaemolyticus, V. campbellii, V. proteus, or V. fluvialis, was not observed in the H-agglutination test, although partial common antigenicity was observed in the gel diffusion test with flagellin monomers. These observations suggest that surface antigenic determinants of the lateral flagella of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi are specific to these two species but internal antigenic determinants buried in the flagellar filaments are partially shared with other vibrio species.Some species of genus Vibrio have two kinds of flagella, lateral flagella (Lflagella) and polar monotrichous flagella (M-flagella) (1,4,20). Cells grown in liquid media possess only one M-flagellum on one end of each rod cell, whereas cells grown on agar media have both kinds of flagella on one cell. M-Flagella and L-flagella serve a locomotive function in a liquid environment and on a solid surface, respectively (19). We demonstrated that the antigenicity of these two flagella of V. parahaemolyticus are different from each other, and that two different antigenic determinant groups, namely a surface antigenic determinant (SA) and an internal antigenic determinant (IA), exist on both flagella (13,16,18). SA is located on the surface of flagellar filaments, and is responsible for H-agglutination.IA exists inside the flagella and is exposed only when the flagellar filaments are dissociated into flagellin monomers. IA is responsible for the gel diffusion reaction with flagellin.L-Flagellar antigens of V. parahaemolyticus are divided into three serovars, HL-1, HL-2, and HL-3, by means of SA. There is no cross reactivity between the SAs of L-flagella of the three serovars, and cross reactivity with other vibrios was not observed (16). Therefore, the SAs of L-flagella of V. parahaemolyticus are species 173