“…The history of sport crisis literature reflects these sources of transgressions, and sport crisis scholarship has focused most on the rhetorical self-defense of the offender. Other areas of sport crisis communication research have focused on organizational-level crises (Benoit, 2015;Coombs, 1998Coombs, , 2014Fortunato, 2008), individual-level crises (Benoit & Hanczor, 1994;Brazeal, 2008), fans' social media use as reaction and response to crisis (Brown & Billings, 2013), apologetic rhetoric in response to crisis (Benoit & Hanczor, 1994;Harker, 2017;Kruse, 1981), and new media (Sanderson, 2013;Sanderson & Hambrick, 2012). To extend this list, the current research focuses on how NFL stakeholders perceive sport crisis, whether those perceptions are informed by identification, and in what ways sports fans communicate perceptions throughout their social networks.…”