Fixture-free omnidirectional prestretching fabrication and integration of crumpled in-plane micro-supercapacitors

Abstract

Multidimensional folded structures with elasticity could provide spatial charge storage capability and shape adaptability for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Here, highly crumpled in-plane MSCs with superior conformality are fabricated in situ and integrated by a fixture-free omnidirectional elastic contraction strategy. Using carbon nanotube microelectrodes, a single crumpled MSC holds an ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 9.3 F cm −3 , and its total areal capacitance is 45 times greater than the initial state. Experimental and theoretical simulation methods indicate that strain-induced improvements of adsorption energy and conductance for crumpled microelectrodes are responsible for the prominent enhancement of electrochemical performance. With outstanding morphological randomicity, the integrated devices can serve as smart coatings in moving robots, withstanding extreme mechanical deformations. Notably, integration on a spherical surface is possible by using a spherical mask, in which a small area of the microdevice array (3.9 cm 2 ) can produce a high output voltage of 100 V.

Fabrication of Hybrid Supercapacitor by MoCl5 Precursor‐Assisted Carbonization with Ultrafast Laser for Improved Capacitance Performance

“…This typical plot means the capacitor has internal resistance, charge transfer resistance, and Warburg impedance. [41,42] Nyquist plots do not show a semicircular shape in the high-frequency zone, indicating the internal resistance and charge transfer resistance are far less than the Warburg impedance. The mass transfer process plays a dominant role in the system.…”

Recent advances in polyaniline-based micro-supercapacitors

“…Printing technologies hold great promise for MSCs because they provide a wide range of simple, low-cost, time-saving, and versatile solutions towards the manufacturing of electrodes with complicated and desirable patterns, which can realize the full potential of MSCs. 124 Several printing technologies including inkjet printing, 125–127 screen printing, 128–130 3D printing, 95,108,131 and roll-to-roll printing 132–134 have been extensively explored for fabrication of MSCs. The initial step in printing an MSC is dispersing the electrochemical active materials in the liquid phase to form a colloidal suspension or sticky paste, namely, an electrode ink.…”

Sea-Cucumber-like Microstructure Polyoxometalate/TiO2 Nanocomposite Electrode for High-Performance Electrochromic Energy Storage Devices

“…Amidst increasing environmental pollution and the gradual exhaustion of non-renewable energy resources, the development of controllable devices for energy storage, conversion, and protection, such as smart windows [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], micro-supercapacitors [ 4 , 5 ], lithium-ion batteries [ 6 , 7 ], electrochemical capacitors [ 8 , 9 ], and solar cells [ 10 , 11 ], has become a global priority. Electrochromic (EC) devices and batteries/pseudocapacitors have similar electrode materials, device structures, and faradaic reactions [ 12 ].…”