Data traffic demand in today's cellular networks is growing very rapidly, and operators are looking for cost-effective solutions to increase the capacity and coverage of their networks. Relay nodes have been proposed as one of the candidate solutions to achieve this target. Briefly, a relay node is a network device which is in charge of forwarding the data received from its reference base stations to a number of controlled mobile users, and forwarding the data transmitted by these mobile users to the base station. In this way, the base station can be partially offioaded, and the spatial density of network access point is increased. A similar result could be obtained by deploying more base stations. However, relays may be preferred by network operators, because they are smaller and cheaper than base stations, and they should hence allow for increasing the density of network stations without an exorbitant increment of the costs related to the deployment of new nodes and the related site rentals. Moreover, relay nodes do not require any backhaul cable, as they are connected to their reference base station via a wireless backhaul link. However, the deployment of relays entails the creation of a two-hop wireless network. This means, that interference management is more complex compared to traditional cellular networks. Moreover, transmissions on the wireless backhaul link may use a significant quota of the available radio resources, thus reducing the resources available for transmissions to users. Starting from the expected advantages and disadvantages of relays deployment, this thesis is focused on the performance evaluation and the optimization of the radio layer of relay-enhanced cellular networks. In particular, numerous aspects have been treated, including the application of the fluid network ix