Fixed-interval-induced aggression

Cherek, Don R.; Heistad, Gordon T.

doi:10.3758/bf03335829

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Subjects responded by retaliation of point subtractions (= aggressive responses). (Cherek and Heistad 1971;Cherek and Lane 1999) (Bjork et al 1996;Giancola and Chermack 1998) Alcohol › aggression (Bjork and Dougherty 1998) Diazepam › aggression (10 mg) (Weisman et al 1998) THC fl aggression (Kouri et al 1999) Cocaine fl aggression, nicotine fl aggression Aggression was defined as delivery of electric shocks to a fictitious opponent (Zeichner and Pihl 1978) Use of a modified version of the Buss aggression machine. Setting of shock level on a scale of 1-5…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and neural determinants of aggressive behavior: pharmacotherapeutic targets at serotonin, dopamine and ?-aminobutyric acid systems

et al. 2002

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(1) The preclinical focus on the behavioral characteristics and determinants of intense aggression promises to be most relevant to the clinical distinction between the proposed impulsive-reactive-hostile-affective subtypes of human aggression and the controlled-proactive-instrumental-predatory subtypes of aggression. The neural circuits for many types of human and animal aggression critically involve serotonin, dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and specific receptor subtypes. (2) The dynamic changes in frontal cortical serotonin that are triggered by engaging in aggressive behavior imply that serotonergic drug effects are largely determined by the functional state of the receptors at the time of drug treatment. Of the numerous 5-HT receptors currently identified, the 5-HT(1B) receptors offer a promising target for reducing impulsive aggressive behavior, particularly if the action can be limited to sites in the central nervous system. (3) Aggressive confrontations are salient stressors, both for the aggressor as well as the victim of aggression, that are accompanied by activation of the mesocorticolimbic but not the striatal dopamine system. Dopaminergic manipulations, particularly targeting the D(2) receptor family, can influence aggressive behavior in animals and human patients, suggesting that mesocorticolimbic dopamine may have important enabling or permissive functions. (4) GABA is critical in the neurochemical control of aggressive behavior as evidenced by studies that directly modify GABAergic neurotransmission and neurochemical studies that correlate GABA measurements with aggressive behavioral responses in several animal species. The GABA(A) receptor complex is a mechanism through which certain benzodiazepines and alcohol enhance and inhibit aggressive behaviors. Social and pharmacological experiences decisively determine the effects of GABAergic positive modulators on aggression.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and neural determinants of aggressive behavior: pharmacotherapeutic targets at serotonin, dopamine and ?-aminobutyric acid systems

et al. 2002

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“…These behaviors are also expressed during aggressive interactions, particularly in the period that precedes the initiation of attack (Scott 1958;Grant and Mackintosh 1963;Krsiak 1975). Several adjunctive behaviors such as schedule-induced polydipsia and attacks towards a cage mate have been observed during FI performance (Falk 1966;Cherek and Heistad 1971). Neurobiologically, performance of conditioned behaviors is associated with catecholaminergic activation (Lewy and Seiden 1972;Emmett-Oglesby et al 1978;Salamone et al 1994;Ito et al 2000;Roitman et al 2004) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity that are perhaps involved in both the performance of the behavior (Bronson and Desjardins 1982;Piazza and Lemoal 1997;Merali et al 1998;Tomie et al 2002) and the anticipation of a scheduled reward (Coover et al 1971;Krieger 1974;Dantzer et al 1980;Deroche et al 1997;Mantsch and Goeders 1999;Goeders 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Escalated aggression as a reward: corticosterone and GABAA receptor positive modulators in mice

2005

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“…Flory (1969b) trained male pigeons on a fixed-time (FT) schedule, whereby food was delivered at fixed intervals after previous reinforcement irrespective of the animal's response: he found that as the interfood interval was increased from 15 to 960 sec, attack increased to a maximum at FT 60-120, and then declined. Cherek and Heistad (1971), Richards and Rilling (1972), and Flory and Ellis (1973) found that pigeons attacked target birds or a stuffed model during FI (fixed interval) food reinforcement, and that the attacks occurred during the postreinforcement pauses.…”

Section: H Low Reinforcement Schedulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Organization of Aggression and Fear In Vertebrates

Archer

1976

Perspectives in Ethology

107

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I. ABSTRACTThis chapter considers what factors influence the occurrence of attack and fear behavior (e.g., immobility, flight, distress signals). It is argued that, with the exception of conditioned attack and fear behavior, the same types of basic situations are capable of evoking either type of response.These situations are as follows: (l) Pain. (2) A moving object coming too close to an animal (individual distance intrusion). (3) A novel object or animal entering another's familiar area: this includes not only the typical territorial situation, but also a wide range of other situations. (4) Entrance into an unfamiliar area: most commonly, fear behavior occurs, but attack can occur if there is a suitable target. (5) A familiar object in an unfamiliar place. (6) Frustrative nonreward. (7) Thwarting (a physical object preventing completion of a learned response). (8) Low reinforcement schedules, which involve delayed reward. (9) Morphine withdrawal, which is similar to frustrative nonreward.It is suggested that all these situations can summate with one another, up to a certain limit, to increase the likelihood and intensity of attack, but that above this limit fear behavior occurs.It is then suggested that all the situations involve the common property of a discrepancy between observed and expected stimulation. Different types of "neuronal models" may represent the different types of expect a-

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Fixed-interval-induced aggression

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Social and neural determinants of aggressive behavior: pharmacotherapeutic targets at serotonin, dopamine and ?-aminobutyric acid systems

Social and neural determinants of aggressive behavior: pharmacotherapeutic targets at serotonin, dopamine and ?-aminobutyric acid systems

Escalated aggression as a reward: corticosterone and GABAA receptor positive modulators in mice

The Organization of Aggression and Fear In Vertebrates

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