Fixed bed pyrolysis of lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon flexuosus</i>): Bio-oil production and characterization

Madhu, P.; Livingston, T. Stephen; Manickam, I. Neethi

doi:10.1080/15567036.2017.1328623

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The FC content for corncob is in trend with the findings of Onokwai et al, Akogun and Waheed, Anukam et al, and Ibeto et al For sawdust, the FC contents reported by Varma et al and Mensah et al were 12.68 and 13.33 ± 0.8%, respectively, which tallies with the result obtained in this study (13.01%). However, previous studies reported higher FC percentages for lemongrass (24.78%) and cashew leaves (16.87%) . The FC content of groundnut shell (22.34%) finds agreement with the value (22.28%) obtained by refs .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Comprehensive Characterization of Some Selected Biomass for Bioenergy Production

Yahya,

Adeleke,

Nzerem

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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There is a lack of information about the detailed characterization of biomass of Nigerian origin. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of six biomass, groundnut shells, corncob, cashew leaves, Ixora coccinea (flame of the woods), sawdust, and lemongrass, to aid appropriate selection for bio-oil production. The proximate, ultimate, calorific value and compositional analyses were carried out following the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Xray fluorescence were employed in this study for functional group analyses, thermal stability, and structural analyses. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios, fuel ratio, ignitability index, and combustibility index of the biomass samples were evaluated. Groundnut shells, cashew leaves, and lemongrass were identified as promising feedstocks for bio-oil production based on their calorific values (>20 MJ/kg). Sawdust exhibited favorable characteristics for bio-oil production as indicated by its higher volatile matter (79.28%), low ash content (1.53%), low moisture content (6.18%), and high fixed carbon content (13.01%). Also, all samples showed favorable ignition and flammability properties. The low nitrogen (<0.12%) and sulfur (<0.04%) contents in the samples make them environmentally benign fuels as a lower percentage of NO x and SO x will be released during the production of the bio-oil. These results are contributions to the advancement of a sustainable and efficient carbon-neutral energy mix, promoting biomass resource utilization for the generation of energy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Comprehensive Characterization of Some Selected Biomass for Bioenergy Production

Yahya,

Adeleke,

Nzerem

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…In addition to seeds as bio‐waste, the citrus grass has also been employed in the synthesis of BO by the thermal pyrolysis process. Madhu et al 48 investigated the thermal pyrolysis of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) to BO in a fixed‐bed reactor. The highest BO yield from this bio‐waste reached 40.60 wt.% at 45°C/min rate of heating, 0.71‐ to 1.0‐mm range of particle size and 450°C pyrolysis temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Fadhil

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) seeds were exploited as possible nonedible feedstock for the synthesis of liquid biofuels, namely, biodiesel and bio‐oil via alkali–alcoholysis and pyrolysis routes, respectively. The alkali–alcoholysis reaction of mandarin seed oil with an equivalent mixture of methanol–ethanol alcohols was examined and optimized by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best experimental yield of biodiesel (95.55 ± 1.55 wt.%) was comparable with the predicted yield (95.0 wt.%). Also, analysis by one‐way ANOVA showed that the selected variables were statistically significant. The 1H NMR spectroscopy asserted the transformation of the oil to biodiesel. Also, the evaluated properties of the biodiesel were in the range given by ASTM D6751 standards. The mandarin citrus seeds have also subjected to the thermal pyrolysis process in a fixed‐bed reactor to obtain bio‐oil and bio‐char. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature, time, feed particle size, and heating rate on the bio‐oil yield was optimized. The highest yield of bio‐oil (52.34 ± 1.25 wt.%) was attained at 475°C for 60 min using 70 mesh particle size of the feed with a heating rate of 20°C/min. The bio‐oil was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ultimate analysis. The bio‐oil derived from MCS has an empirical formula of CH1.88 O0.16 N0.012 S0.0005 with 37.96 MJ/kg of heating value. The elevated carbon level, low oxygen content, and high calorific value (25.45 MJ/kg) of the attained bio‐char suggest its suitability as a solid fuel. Also, the obtained bio‐char can be utilized for preparing carbon adsorbent as a result of its good surface area.

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“…van Krevelen plot for different fuels, including raw biomass and bio-oil, from this study. a Wheat and barley straw and miscanthus bio-oils, Ferula orientalis L. stalks bio-oil, pearl millet and Sida cordifolia L. bio-oils, white pine and banana leaves bio-oils, palm fruit brunches and lemongrass bio-oil, corn cob, coconut shell and bamboo residue bio-oils, lemongrass bio-oil, Bambara groundnut shell bio-oils, hornbeam shell bio-oil, Tectona grandis wood sawdust bio-oil, wood chip bio-oils, banana leaves bio-oil, pitch pine bio-oil, wood sawdust bio-oil, rice straw and pine bio-oils corn cob, corn stalk, and sawdust biochars …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Oil Production and Characterization from Corn Cob and Sunflower Stem Pyrolysis

Zubiolo,

de Santana,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Using agro-industry residues as an energy source has been essential to replacing traditional fuels and developing resilient and sustainable socio-economic scenarios. The present work uses sunflower stem and corn cob as pyrolysis feedstocks to track the thermochemical synthesis of the renewable energy products bio-oil, biogas, and biochar and their relation to biomass components. Characterization and thermal degradation of biomass samples were provided by determining the elemental and lignocellulosic composition and thermogravimetric analysis. The three main products from pyrolysis conducted at 500 °C (biochar, bio-oil, and biogas) were evaluated for their yield, and the bio-oils were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared elementary analysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The obtained bio-oils showed similar profiles, presenting phenol and carboxylic acids as the major classes and the presence of alcohols and aldehydes. Therefore, outcomes allowed for understanding the thermal behavior of biomass components and the impact of different input materials on pyrolysis of product yield and properties.

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Fixed bed pyrolysis of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus): Bio-oil production and characterization

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Comprehensive Characterization of Some Selected Biomass for Bioenergy Production

Comprehensive Characterization of Some Selected Biomass for Bioenergy Production

Production and characterization of liquid biofuels from locally available nonedible feedstocks

Bio-Oil Production and Characterization from Corn Cob and Sunflower Stem Pyrolysis

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