Fixed-bed pyrolysis of Cynara cardunculus L. Product yields and compositions

Martín, Juan Vicente González; González, J.F.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(00)00125-9

Cited by 254 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It was found that particle size had no influence on the pyrolysis product parameters. These results are in agreement with findings reported in the literature for grape and olive bagasse [30] and for C. Cardunculus L. [31].…”

Section: Discussion On Process Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis of Municipal Green Waste: A Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Analysis

2015

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Abstract:Pyrolysis is the thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous feedstock in the absence of oxygen to produce bio-fuel (bio-oil, bio-char and syn-gas). Bio-fuel production from municipal green waste (MGW) through the pyrolysis process has attracted considerable attention recently in the renewable energy sector because it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to energy security. This study analyses properties of MGW feedstock available in Rockhampton city of Central Queensland, Australia, and presents an experimental investigation of producing bio-fuel from that MGW through the pyrolysis process using a short sealed rotary furnace. It was found from the experiment that about 19.97% bio-oil, 40.83% bio-char and 29.77% syn-gas can be produced from the MGW. Then, a four-stage steady state simulation model is developed for pyrolysis process performance simulation using Aspen Plus software. In the first stage, the moisture content of the MGW feed is reduced. In the second stage, the MGW is decomposed according to its elemental constituents. In the third stage, condensate material is separated and, finally, the pyrolysis reactions are modelled using the Gibbs free energy minimisation approach. The MGW's ultimate and proximate analysis data were used in the Aspen Plus simulation as input parameters. The model is validated with experimentally measured data. A good OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 7523 agreement between simulation and experimental results was found. More specifically, the variation of modelling and experimental elemental compositions of the MGW was found to be 7.3% for carbon, 15.82% for hydrogen, 7.04% for nitrogen and 5.56% for sulphur. The validated model is used to optimise the biofuel production from the MGW as a function of operating variables such as temperature, moisture content, particle size and process heat air-fuel ratio. The modelling and optimisation results are presented, analysed and discussed.

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Section: Discussion On Process Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 94%

Pyrolysis of Municipal Green Waste: A Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Analysis

2015

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“…The secondary decomposition of the char at higher temperatures may also give noncondensable gaseous products, which would also contribute to the increase in gas yield with increasing pyrolysis temperatures [16] . Encinar et al [7] pyrolysed cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) with size ranged 0.43-2.00 mm hypothesized that an increase in particle size causes greater temperature gradients inside the particle so that at a given time the core temperature is lower than that of the surface, which possibly gives rise to an increase in the char yields and a decrease in liquids and gases. Particle size is known to influence pyrolysis products yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-oils from Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Sukiran¹

2009

American Journal of Applied Sciences

100

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Problem Statement: The palm oil industry generates an abundance of oil palm biomass such as the mesocarp fibre, shell, empty fruit bunch (EFB), frond, trunk and palm oil mill effluent (POME). For 80 million tonnes of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) processed last year, the amount of oil palm biomass was more than 25 million tones. The objectives of this study were to: (i) Determine the effect of various pyrolysis parameters on product yields and (ii) Characterise liquid product obtained under different condition. Approach: In this study, pyrolysis of oil palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) was investigated using quartz fluidized fixed bed reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures, particle sizes and heating rates on the yield of the products were investigated. The temperature of pyrolysis and heating rate were varied in the range 300-700 °C and 10-100 °C min 1 respectively. The particle size was varied in the range of <90, 91-106, 107-125 and 126-250 µm. The elemental analysis and calorific value of the bio-oil were determined. The chemical composition of the oil was investigated using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Results: Under the experimental conditions, the maximum bio-oil yield was 42.28% obtained at 500 ºC, with a heating rate of 100 ºC min

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“…The residence time of the vapour phase of pyrolysis products is affected by the nitrogen flow used for fluidisation, which alters the extent of secondary reactions such as cracking and char formation [8] and improves the heat transfer from fluid gas to the particle. Olive kernel was pyrolysed under different conditions.…”

Section: Influence Of Nitrogen Flow On Pyrolysis Conversion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is normally undertaken via the measurement of variation of mass loss with time of a sample held in the TGA cell at a preset heating rate [4][5][6][7]. Other work has involved the development of reactors at a larger scales to determine the kinetics of biomass pyrolysis with larger sample sizes, determining conversion through the analysis of the yield of gas [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Pyrolysis of Olive Kernel Biomass in Fluidised and Fixed Bed Conditions

Al-Farraji

Marsh

Steer

2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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The use of thermogravimetric analysis to describe biomass kinetics often uses bench top thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) analysers which are only capable of low heating rates. The aim of this research was to compare experimental fast pyrolysis of Olive kernels in a bespoke laboratory thermogravimetric fluidised bed reactor (TGFBR) characterised by rapid heating rates at high flow rates, compared to a smaller bench scale fixed bed TGA system. The pyrolysis in the TGFBR was analysed by using the isothermal kinetic approach and it was theorised that the pyrolysis decomposition reactions occurred by two mechanisms depending on the temperature, resulting in an activation energy of 67.4 kJ/mol at temperatures below \500°C and 60.8 kJ/mol at temperatures [500°C. For comparison, a bench scale TGA was used to look at the thermal behaviour in different fixed bed thermal conditions giving a higher activation energy of 74.4 kJ/mol due to the effect of external particle gas diffusion. The effect of biomass particle size (0.3-4.0 mm) on the conversion of biomass at different temperatures, was investigated between 300 and 660°C in the TGFBR. The results suggested inhibition of internal gas diffusion was more important at lower temperatures, but in comparison had no significant effect when measured in the fixed bed TGA at lower heating rates. Bench top TGA analysis of pyrolysis is a rapid and valuable method, but is limited by smaller sample sizes and lower heating rates. In comparison, the conditions encountered with the laboratory scale TGFBR are more likely to be relevant to larger scale systems where heat distribution, heat transfer and mass diffusion effects play major roles in the reactivity of biomass.

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Fixed-bed pyrolysis of Cynara cardunculus L. Product yields and compositions

Cited by 254 publications

References 27 publications

Pyrolysis of Municipal Green Waste: A Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Analysis

Pyrolysis of Municipal Green Waste: A Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Analysis

Bio-oils from Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

A Comparison of the Pyrolysis of Olive Kernel Biomass in Fluidised and Fixed Bed Conditions

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