Fixed bed gasification of dairy biomass with enriched air mixture

Thanapal, Siva Sankar; Annamalai, K.; Sweeten, John M.; Gordillo, G.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.072

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…If fuel is a blend of gasoline and ethanol with RQ 1 for gasoline (e.g., 0.64) and RQ 2 (e.g., 0.67) for ethanol, the CO 2 contributed by gasoline only is needed. The appendix or (26) shows that RQ of blend is related to heat fraction contributed by gasoline and ethanol.…”

Section: Known Exhaust Gas Analysis and Chemical Formula Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Annamalai

Thanapal

Ranjan

2018

Journal of Combustion

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the greenhouse gases which cause global warming. The amount of fossil fuels consumed to meet the demands in the areas of power and transportation is projected to increase in the upcoming years. Depending on carbon content, each power plant fuel has its own potential to produce carbon dioxide. Similarly, the humans consume food containing carbohydrates (CH), fat, and protein which emit CO 2 due to metabolism. The biology literature uses respiratory quotient (RQ), defined as the ratio of CO 2 moles exhausted per mole of O 2 consumed within the body, to estimate CO 2 loading in the blood stream and CO 2 in nasal exhaust. Here, we apply that principle in the field of combustion to relate the RQ to CO 2 emitted in tons per GJ of energy released when a fuel is combusted. The RQ value of a fuel can be determined either from fuel chemical formulae (from ultimate analyses for most liquid and solid fuels of known composition) or from exhaust gas analyses. RQ ranges from 0.5 for methane (CH 4 ) to 1 for pure carbon. Based on the results obtained, the lesser the value of "RQ" of a fuel, the lower its global warming potential. This methodology can be further extended for an "online instantaneous measurement of CO 2 " in automobiles based on actual fuel use irrespective of fuel composition.

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Section: Known Exhaust Gas Analysis and Chemical Formula Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Annamalai

Thanapal

Ranjan

2018

Journal of Combustion

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“…Gasification is the conversion of solid (or liquid) feedstock into useful and convenient gaseous fuel (or chemical feedstock) that can be burned to release energy or used for production of value-added chemicals [13]. A typical sewage sludge gasification process may include the following steps: (i) drying, (ii) thermal decomposition or pyrolysis, (iii) partial combustion of some gases, vapors and char, (iv) gasification of decomposition products.…”

Section: Gasification Of Sewage Sludge -Main Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Wastewater Treatment and The Method of Sludge Disposal on the Gasification Process

Werle

Dudziak

2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:Municipal wastewater treatment results in the production of large quantities of sewage sludge, which requires proper environmentally accepted management before final disposal. Sewage sludge is a by-product of current wastewater treatment technologies. Sewage sludge disposal depends on the sludge treatment methods used in the wastewater treatment plant (anaerobic or aerobic digestion, drying, etc.). Taking into consideration presented given this information, a study concerning the effects of wastewater treatment processes and sewage sludge drying method on the sewage sludge gasification gas parameters was performed. Gasification is a prospective alternative method of sludge thermal treatment. For the purpose of experimental investigations, a laboratory fixed bed gasifier installation was designed and built. Two types of sewage sludge feedstock, SS1 and SS2, were analyzed. Sewage sludge SS1 came from a wastewater treatment plant operating in the mechanical and biological system while sewage sludge SS2 was collected in a mechanical, biological and chemical wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous phosphorus precipitation. The sludge produced at the plants was subject to fermentation and then, after being dehydrated, dried in a cylindrical drier on shelves heated up to 260ºC (sewage sludge SS1) and using hot air at a temperature of 150ºC in a belt drier (sewage SS2). The analysis shows that the sewage sludge properties strongly depend on the wastewater sources and the wastewater treatment processes. The gasification results, presented as a function of the amount of gasification agent, show that the greater oxygen content of SS1 caused a reduction in the reaction temperature. Paradoxically, this effect caused an increase in the quantity of combustible components in the gas. As expected, increasing the air flow rate caused a decrease in the heating value of the gas produced. A higher amount of oxidizer increases the amounts of noncombustible species and the volumetric fraction of nitrogen, thus reducing the heating value of the obtained gas. The higher hydrogen content in SS1 affects the gasification gas composition. As a result, combustible components are the majority of the syngas.

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“…Enriched-air gasification can improve the syngas quality without high capital cost, making it suitable for commercial RDF gasification. Mastellone et al [11], Thanapal et al [12], and Yu et al [13] studied enriched-air gasification of biomass or waste in a fluidized-bed, a fixed-bed, and an entrained-bed gasifier, respectively, observing pretty high syngas heating values (8-9 MJ Nm -3 ) and gasification efficiencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enriched‐Air Gasification of Refuse‐Derived Fuel in a Fluidized Bed: Effect of Gasifying Conditions and Bed Materials

et al. 2014

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Enriched-air gasification of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) was carried out in a fluidized bed, investigating the effects of temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), oxygen percentage of enriched air (OP), and bed materials. For the bed material effect, calcined dolomite proved to be more effective for tar decomposition and resulted in higher CO and H 2 contents. In a bed of high-alumina bauxite, an increased ER tended to cause a greater decrease in syngas quality. For both bed materials, a higher temperature and OP favored the production of combustible gas and led to higher cold gas efficiency. Increasing the ER resulted in higher gas yields and carbon conversion but lowered the concentration of the combustible component. The ash content of the char increased with temperature and OP, while the volatile and fixed carbon contents were decreased. The optimum conditions suggested in this study were an ER of 0.22 and an OP of 44.7 % at 750-800°C in a bed of calcined dolomite.

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Fixed bed gasification of dairy biomass with enriched air mixture

Cited by 73 publications

References 11 publications

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Influence of Wastewater Treatment and The Method of Sludge Disposal on the Gasification Process

Enriched‐Air Gasification of Refuse‐Derived Fuel in a Fluidized Bed: Effect of Gasifying Conditions and Bed Materials

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