Fixation time is a sensitive measure of cocaine cue attentional bias

Marks, Katherine R.; Roberts, Walter; Stoops, William W.; Pike, Erika; Fillmore, Mark T.; Rush, Craig R.

doi:10.1111/add.12635

Cited by 57 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Drug urine screens were conducted at the outset of the session as described previously. 18 Participants provided an expired breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample on a Smokerlyser (Bedfont Scientific, Bedford, United Kingdom) and reported the time they smoked their last cigarette. Next, participants smoked one cigarette under staff supervision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals were excluded based on criteria detailed previously. 18 All participants provided written informed consent and completed screening questionnaires on current and past physical and mental health, measures of current psychological functioning, and detailed substance use history. The Institutional Review Board of the University of Kentucky approved all protocols and informed consent documents.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 AB was measured using a visual probe task operated using E-prime software (Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, PA) on a PC. For each trial, two 13 cm × 18 cm images (a substance-related and a matched neutral image) were presented side-by-side, 3 cm apart, on a computer screen for 1000 ms. Orienting bias (percent) and the amount of time (ms) fixating on the substance and neutral image was measured.…”

Section: Visual Probe Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Cigarette and cocaine AB have been demonstrated using eye-tracking technology during the visual probe task. [18][19][20] Despite a well-documented relationship between cigarette smoking and cocaine use, the salience of cigarette cues has not been assessed in cigarette-smokers who also smoke cocaine. To this end, the magnitude of cigarette and cocaine AB were compared using the visual probe task with eye-tracking technology in two groups: (1) cocaine-smoking cigarette smokers (2) non-cocaine-using cigarette smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Marks

Alcorn

Stoops

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Cigarette smoking in cocaine users is nearly four times higher than the national prevalence and cocaine use increases cigarette smoking. The mechanisms underlying cigarette smoking in cocaine-using individuals need to be identified to promote cigarette and cocaine abstinence. Previous studies have examined the salience of cigarette and cocaine cues separately. The present aim was to determine whether cigarette attentional bias (AB) is higher in cigarettes smokers who smoke cocaine relative to individuals who only smoke cigarettes. Methods: Twenty cigarette smokers who smoke cocaine and 20 non-cocaine-using cigarette smokers completed a visual probe task with eye-tracking technology. During this task, the magnitude of cigarette and cocaine AB was assessed through orienting bias, fixation time, and response time. Results: Cocaine users displayed an orienting bias towards cigarette cues. Cocaine users also endorsed a more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect associated with cigarette craving than non-cocaine users (g = 0.6). Neither group displayed a cigarette AB, as measured by fixation time. Cocaine users, but not non-cocaine users, displayed a cocaine AB as measured by orienting bias (g = 2.0) and fixation time (g = 1.2). There were no significant effects for response time data. Conclusions: Cocaine-smoking cigarettes smokers display an initial orienting bias toward cigarette cues, but not sustained cigarette AB. The incentive motivation underlying cigarette smoking also differs. Cocaine smokers report more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for cigarette and cocaine use disorders. Implications: These results suggest that cocaine-smoking cigarette smokers display an initial orienting bias towards cigarette cues, but not sustained attention towards cigarette cues, relative to non-cocaine-using smokers. Smoked cocaine users also report a more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect than non-cocaine users. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for both cigarette and cocaine use disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Probe Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Marks

Alcorn

Stoops

et al. 2016

NICTOB

Self Cite

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“…Para este estudo, somente fixações foram utilizadas. Fixações são definidas como períodos acima 100 ms em que os olhos apresentam concentrações de pontos focais de até 0.5º [16].…”

Section: Materiais E Métodosunclassified

Estudo Da Atenção Visual Encoberta Utilizando Um Equipamento De Rastreamento Ocular

Figueiredo¹,

Ulbricht²,

Borba³

2018

Anais Do v Congresso Brasileiro De Eletromiografia E Cinesiologia E X Simpósio De Engenharia Biomédica

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Resumo: O rastreamento ocular (eyetracking) tem sido usado como uma tecnologia importante em estudos de atenção visual. Estudos com foco sobre a orientação da atenção, tem se baseado somente nos tempos de reação (latência) para analisar os desempenhos atencionais, interpretando que as diferenças nas latências são resultados de desempenho por atenção encoberta. O presente estudo busca utilizar o dispositivo de rastreamento ocular eyetracker para analisar e garantir os desempenhos atencionais durante uma tarefa de atenção visual encoberta. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo piloto com seis pessoas. Os dados foram calculados com base no reflexo da córnea e na posição da pupila. Por meio das posições e fixações oculares, foi possível caracterizar os desempenhos atencionais como por atenção encoberta ou por direcionamento ocular. , baseando-se unicamente nas latências de resposta para a análise dos dados. Assim, se os olhos estivessem deslocados e focados sobre os alvos e, mesmo assim as latências fossem menores, o desempenho atencional deveria ser atribuído à uma atividade exógena da atenção, que ocorria pelo direcionamento ocular [6], e não por atenção encoberta, como os estudos tem feito. O desempenho por atenção encoberta só poderia ser considerado em situações em que os olhos estivessem fixados no centro da tela [6].Para tentar superar esta lacuna, foi desenvolvido um estudo piloto utilizando a tecnologia de rastreamento ocular Eyetracking para garantir se os desempenhos que envolvem atenção são por atenção encoberta ou por direcionamento ocular [7][8] [9]. Por meio de fixações e posições binoculares os desempenhos dos participantes podem ser classificados como por atenção encoberta ou por direcionamento ocular. Materiais e métodosParticipantes -Foram selecionados seis estudantes de graduação de uma Universidade Federal, com capacidade intelectual normal. Este estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa por meio da Plataforma Brasil pelo protocolo 62432616.3.0000.5547.Equipamento -Foi utilizado um rastreador ocular RED500 do fabricante alemão SMI (figura 1).

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What Does Your Gaze Reveal About You? On the Privacy Implications of Eye Tracking

Kröger

Lutz

Müller

2020

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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Technologies to measure gaze direction and pupil reactivity have become efficient, cheap, and compact and are finding increasing use in many fields, including gaming, marketing, driver safety, military, and healthcare. Besides offering numerous useful applications, the rapidly expanding technology raises serious privacy concerns. Through the lens of advanced data analytics, gaze patterns can reveal much more information than a user wishes and expects to give away. Drawing from a broad range of scientific disciplines, this paper provides a structured overview of personal data that can be inferred from recorded eye activities. Our analysis of the literature shows that eye tracking data may implicitly contain information about a user's biometric identity, gender, age, ethnicity, body weight, personality traits, drug consumption habits, emotional state, skills and abilities, fears, interests, and sexual preferences. Certain eye tracking measures may even reveal specific cognitive processes and can be used to diagnose various physical and mental health conditions. By portraying the richness and sensitivity of gaze data, this paper provides an important basis for consumer education, privacy impact assessments, and further research into the societal implications of eye tracking.

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Fixation time is a sensitive measure of cocaine cue attentional bias

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Estudo Da Atenção Visual Encoberta Utilizando Um Equipamento De Rastreamento Ocular

What Does Your Gaze Reveal About You? On the Privacy Implications of Eye Tracking

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