« Fix society. Please. » Suicidalité trans et modèles d’interprétation du suicide : repenser le suicide à partir des voix des personnes suicidaires1

Abstract

Alors que les modèles médical et biopsychosocial du suicide ont fait l’objet de critiques, le modèle social adopté dans les études/mouvements trans n’est pas remis en question à partir de perspectives anti-oppressions. Ainsi, les limites de ce modèle sont sous-théorisées. La question au coeur de cet essai est : quelles sont les limites du modèle social sous-tendant les analyses de la suicidalité trans? Basé sur une analyse critique des discours des travaux des autrices et auteurs qui ont adopté le modèle social, le présent article démontre que les discours sur la suicidalité trans au sein des études/mouvements trans reproduisent des formes de stigmatisation, de marginalisation et de pathologisation des personnes (trans) suicidaires. Je défends la thèse selon laquelle le modèle social produit une violence épistémique qui relève du capacitisme mental (ou sanisme) et du suicidisme (oppression des personnes suicidaires) en délégitimant les voix des personnes suicidaires.

A Critical, Relational Approach for Working with Suicide in Family Therapy

“…Developing a detailed counternarrative has been found to be helpful for marginalised clients struggling against suicidal urges (Mehl-Madrona & Mainguy, 2020). However, while some of the core reasons for integrating narrative with DBT is to allow room for resilience, overfocusing on strengths can invalidate the material experience of marginalised clients for whom suicide may present as a legitimate and reasonable option (Baril, 2020). Therefore, therapists should hold space for both the dominant narrative and exceptional moments.…”

Spinoza and Self-Destruction: Oppression and Suicide

“…Largely speaking, as Alexandre Baril (2020aBaril ( , 2020b 31 has noted, we can generally sort mainstream approaches to thinking about suicide into the following three models: the medical model of suicide, the biopsychosocial model of suicide, and the social model of suicide (Baril 2020b). The medical model treats suicide as an entirely individual phenomenon, divorced from social contexts, dependent only on an individual's biochemical states.…”

“…One scholar who has done substantial work on this is Alexandre Baril. Baril has developed a concept he deems "suicidism", which he takes to be a subset of ableist oppressions targeted specifically at suicidal people (see for e.g., Baril 2020aBaril , 2020b. On Baril's account, suicidist epistemic injustice occurs in both senses of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice.…”

“…She immediately told her mother of her powerful realisation, and her mother reacted negatively, telling Alcorn that 40 Tumblr is a social media platform where people may post text, images, and videos on their "Tumblr blog", and share the contents of other peoples' blogs on their own. 41 For another excellent discussion of this note, and what we should draw from it in suicide research, see Baril (2020a). Much of what Baril draws from this discussion is mentioned in Chapter 4, though without reference to the note, and includes, most importantly, that we must listen to the voices of actively suicidal people to best understand suicide, and not just those who are speaking as formerly suicidal persons or as loved ones of suicidal people.…”