Five years following first detection of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Djibouti, Horn of Africa: populations established—malaria emerging

Seyfarth, Marco; Khaireh, Bouh Abdi; Abdi, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed; Bouh, Samatar Mohamed; Faulde, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06213-0

Cited by 98 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The first report of An. stephensi in the Horn of Africa was from Djibouti in 2013 [7] and was recently confirmed to be persisting in the country [8]. Anopheles stephensi was detected in Ethiopia for the first time in 2016 in Kebridehar (Somali Region) but it remains unclear how broadly distributed the species is in the rest of the country [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia

Balkew¹,

Mumba²,

Dengela

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

125

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Background: The recent detection of the South Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia and other regions in the Horn of Africa has raised concerns about its potential impact on malaria transmission. We report here the findings of a survey for this species in eastern Ethiopia using both morphological and molecular methods for species identification.Methods: Adult and larval/pupal collections were conducted at ten sites in eastern Ethiopia and Anopheles specimens were identified using standard morphological keys and genetic analysis. Results:In total, 2231 morphologically identified An. stephensi were collected. A molecular approach incorporating both PCR endpoint assay and sequencing of portions of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) loci confirmed the identity of the An. stephensi in most cases (119/124 of the morphologically identified An. stephensi confirmed molecularly). Additionally, we observed Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae at many of the An. stephensi larval habitats. Conclusions:Our findings show that An. stephensi is widely distributed in eastern Ethiopia and highlight the need for further surveillance in the southern, western and northern parts of the country and throughout the Horn of Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia

Balkew¹,

Mumba²,

Dengela

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first report of An. stephensi in the Horn of Africa was from Djibouti in 2013 (Faulde et al 2014) and was recently confirmed to be persisting in the country (Seyfarth et al 2019). An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia

Balkew¹,

Mumba²,

Dengela

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background:The recent detection of the South Asian malaria vector An. stephensi in Ethiopia and other regions in the Horn of Africa has raised concerns about its potential impact on malaria transmission. We report here findings of survey for this species in eastern Ethiopia using both morphological and molecular methods for species identification.Methods: Adult and larval/pupal collections were conducted at ten sites in eastern Ethiopia and Anopheles specimens' species were determined using standard morphological keys and genetic analysis. Results:In total, 2,231 morphologically identified An. stephensi were collected. A molecular approach incorporating both PCR endpoint assay and sequencing of portions of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) loci confirmed the identity of the An. stephensi in most cases (119/124 of the morphologically identified An. stephensi confirmed molecularly). Additionally, we observed Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae at many of the An. stephensi larval habitats. Conclusions:Our findings show that An. stephensi is widely distributed in eastern Ethiopia and highlight the need for further surveillance in the southern, western and northern parts of the country and throughout the Horn of Africa.

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“…Urban settings can be sinks of malaria transmission primarily associated with importation of malaria from (rural) areas of intense transmission due to movement of people at the urban-rural interface [6]. With the adaptation of existing vectors to urban environments [7] and emerging vectors such as Anopheles stephensi in urban areas [8], malaria transmission in urban settings is becoming more likely. Urban areas can thereby form foci of active malaria transmission [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An. stephensi emergence has been epidemiologically linked to an unusual resurgence in local malaria cases in Djibouti city [16]. A recent technical consultative meeting convened at the World Health Organization (WHO) identified that there is potential for spread of An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anopheles stephensias an emerging malaria vector in the Horn of Africa with high susceptibility to EthiopianPlasmodium vivaxandPlasmodium falciparumisolates

Ashine

Teka

Esayas

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Anopheles stephensi, an efficient Asian malaria vector, recently spread into the Horn of Africa and may increase malaria receptivity in African urban areas. We assessed occurrence, genetic complexity, blood meal source and infection status of An. stephensi in Awash Sebat Kilo town, Ethiopia. We used membrane feeding assays to assess competence of local An. stephensi to P. vivax and P. falciparum isolates from clinical patients. 75.3% of the examined waterbodies were infested with An. stephensi developmental stages that were genetically closely related to isolates from Djibouti and Pakistan. Both P. vivax and P. falciparum were detected in wild-caught adult An. stephensi. Local An. stephensi was more receptive to P. vivax compared to a colony of An. arabiensis. We conclude that An. stephensi is an established vector in this part of Ethiopia, highly permissive for local P. vivax and P. falciparum isolates and presents an important new challenge for malaria control.Summary of the articleAn. stephensi, a metropolitan malaria vector that recently expanded to the Horn of African, was highly susceptible to local P. falciparum and P. vivax isolates from Ethiopia and may increase malariogenic potential of rapidly expanding urban settings in Africa.

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Five years following first detection of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Djibouti, Horn of Africa: populations established—malaria emerging

Cited by 98 publications

References 18 publications

Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia

Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia

Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia

Anopheles stephensias an emerging malaria vector in the Horn of Africa with high susceptibility to EthiopianPlasmodium vivaxandPlasmodium falciparumisolates

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