Five years' experience with levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs

Luukkainen, Tapani; Allonen, H; Haukkamaa, Maija; Lähteenmäki, Pekka; Nilsson, Carl Gustaf; Toivonen, Juhani

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(86)90080-6

Cited by 116 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All four report long-term follow-up results. A Finnish group* first conducted a small comparative study at two centers in Finland and one center in Brazil (the Fiuland/Brazil Study) [4,8,9]. This group subsequently coordinated a five-country study in Finland (four clinics), Sweden (four clinics), Denmark (two clinics), Hungary (one clinic), and Norway (one clinic) with a much larger study size (the European Study) [3,10,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have equated its efficacy to that of irreversible tubal sterilization [3]. The device's efficacy is claimed to last for five years, but some researchers [4] have demonstrated that the device still contained 40% of the original load after five years of use. The residual steroid may give an additional two-year period of efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

Farr

1994

Adv Contracept

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Clinical trials have consistently shown that the IUD that releases 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily (LNG-IUD-20) has a contraceptive efficacy comparable to, if not surpassing, the Copper T380 and the Multiload Copper-375 IUDs. The focus of this review is the device's non-contraceptive effects--the beneficial ones, such as reduction of menorrhagia, a therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea, and prevention of ectopic pregnancy, as well as the deleterious ones, such as amenorrhea, spotting and irregular bleeding, hormonal side-effects, and functional ovarian cysts. Also discussed are the possibility of a preventive effect on pelvic inflammatory disease, the effects of the IUD on postpartum/lactating women, fertility return after removal and other safety issues. In general, the LNG-IUD-20's non-contraceptive benefits are substantive, carry important medical and public health implications, and far outweigh the device's deleterious effects, which are either medically mild or transient in nature, and can usually be managed satisfactorily by counseling. A better understanding of these effects, both beneficial and deleterious, of this hormone-releasing IUD should lead to more effective patient counseling, which, in turn, should improve user quality of life, minimize unnecessary removals, and maximize continuation of use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

Farr

1994

Adv Contracept

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“…This releases in vitro 20μg of levonorgestrel per day. 1,2 The amount of drug, after 5 years decreased to a rate of 14μg per day, which is clinically effective. 3,4 Maximum amount of drug stays inside the uterus, and very small amount is absorbed into the blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LNG-IUS: The best tool for non-surgical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and endometriosis

2020

IJOGR

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Introduction: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is the best tool for the non-surgical treatment for uterine bleeding and endometriosis. Materials and methods: Fifty-two women between the age 32 -55 years were studied over a period of three years. Results: LNG-IUS caused 85% decrease in the amount of menstrual blood loss at 6 month and complete amenorrhea at two years. Conclusion: LNG-IUS was the best and effective to surgical management and other modes of medical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. The patient showed better compliance and satisfaction to the LNG-IUS.

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“…Although there is a difference in the site of progestogen release of the two devices, serum concentrations of levonorgestrel are approximately similar during the first three years and episodes of breakthrough bleeding occur with both devices [1,2]. Since the two methods offer long-term contraceptive protection for at least three years and intrauterine devices are currently the major contraceptive method in China, it is necessary to investigate new methods of fertility control which may have better efficacy, lower side-effects and, hence, increased acceptability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three years' experience with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Norplant-2 implants: a randomized comparative study

Wang

Xin³

et al. 1992

Adv Contracept

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A randomized comparative study of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) and Norplant-2 implants was carried out in 200 women for 36 months. Three thousand one hundred woman-months of use were observed with each device. Only one pregnancy occurred in users of LNG-IUD at the 12th month of use. The change in bleeding pattern was the most frequent reason for discontinuation. The discontinuation rate for irregular bleeding with Norplant-2 was 17.3 and 26.8 at 24 and 36 months, respectively, as compared to 3.3 with LNG-IUD at both 24 and 36 months. The differences were statistically significant. Removal for amenorrhea and pain only occurred in acceptors of LNG-IUD. About 20-40% of women using Norplant-2 had prolonged bleeding through 36 months. The percentage of amenorrhea in LNG-IUD was the highest (29.3%) at the end of two years of use. More than 97% of subjects reported satisfaction with the methods used by themselves.

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Five years' experience with levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs

Cited by 116 publications

References 13 publications

The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

The non-contraceptive effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

LNG-IUS: The best tool for non-surgical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and endometriosis

Three years' experience with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Norplant-2 implants: a randomized comparative study

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