Five-Year Incidence of Caries, Salivary and Microbial Conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-Year-Old Swedish Individuals

Fure, Solveig

doi:10.1159/000016449

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similar to Thomson et al, finding, proton pump inhibitors also demonstrated a high level of total carious lesions, which is consistent with data reported for both Australian and Swedish populations [23,64]. A contributor to the caries prevalence in this group may be related to gastroesophageal reflux, which is known to cause demineralization of the teeth and should be further assessed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Dental Carious Lesions with Different Classes of Medications

Singh¹

2015

GGM

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Background: Past research has produced conflicting results concerning the usage of medications and the associated oral health consequences. The authors examined non-cavitated and cavitated coronal and root carious lesions among subjects taking a variety of medications compared to those taking no medications to assess whether the effects of taking multiple medications had on carious lesion prevalence.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess how the different classes of medication adversely affected the oral cavity, specifically in the formation of dental carious lesions.Methods: A representative sample of 1028 volunteers aged 40-80 from the Greater Boston area, with at least 10 natural teeth were included in this study. After disqualifying subjects on medications with autoimmune conditions known to cause xerostomia, or a previous history of radiation to the head and neck area, 882 volunteers on medications known to cause salivary hypofunction and 146 volunteers taking no medications were enrolled. Non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions were examined by a single calibrated dental examiner using visual and tactile methods. Major medication groups included psychiatric (N=258), single antihypertensive (N=180), multiple antihypertensive including cardiac medications (N=145), a combination of antihypertensive and psychiatric medications (N=85), anti-asthma medications (N=67), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) (N= 34) and all other medications (N=113).Results: Subjects on psychiatric medications had the highest number of total carious lesions (5.4±4.94) while those taking no medications had the least (2.6±2.92). Subjects on a combination of antihypertensive and psychiatric medications had the highest number of carious root surface lesions (1.18±4.06). Those subjects on anti-asthma medications exhibited the highest number of cavitated coronal surface lesions (1.41±2.06). Conclusion:This study found xerostomic medications vary in their deleterious effects on dental carious lesions. A combination of antihypertensive and psychiatric medications is the most detrimental, as evidenced by a higher prevalence of carious lesions in those participants taking them.Clinical significance: As usage of concomitant xerogenic medications is likely to continue to increase, educating clinicians and the general public about the effects on oral health is essential to limiting dental carious lesions by instituting appropriate preventive protocols. Keywords: Dental carious lesions; Medications; Side effectsCitation: Singh M, Papas AS, Papas AN, Barker ML, Biesbrock A (2015) [7,13,14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].Past research has produced conflicting results concerning a link between asthma medications and caries incidence. Meldrum et al., [32] found no significant differences in caries increment between asthma-free and asthma subjects. However, only 42.4% of the asthma subjects used anti-asthma medications, indicating that the medication rather than the condition may play a role. Consistent wi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Dental Carious Lesions with Different Classes of Medications

Singh¹

2015

GGM

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“…Due to better dental health care, the elderly are experiencing a higher retention of teeth, which implies an increased number of exposed root surfaces susceptible to caries (24,32). Several studies indicate that the oral microflora can change with advancing age, possibly due to impaired immune function and subsequent colonization with nonoral bacterial species such as staphylococci and enterobacteria (9,22,24). Other microbial consequences of aging, e.g., an increase in yeast colonization, are related to long-term medication, reduced salivary flow rate, and denture wearing (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Profiles of Root Caries in Elderly Patients

et al. 2008

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Culture-based studies have shown that Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli are associated with root caries (RC). The purpose of the present study was to assess the bacterial diversity of RC in elderly patients by use of culture-independent molecular techniques and to determine the associations of specific bacterial species or bacterial communities with healthy and carious roots. Plaque was collected from root surfaces of 10 control subjects with no RC and from 11 subjects with RC. The bacterial 16S rRNA genes from extracted DNA were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced to determine species identity. From a total of 3,544 clones, 245 predominant species or phylotypes were observed, representing eight bacterial phyla. The majority (54%) of the species detected have not yet been cultivated. Species of Selenomonas and Veillonella were common in all samples. The healthy microbiota included Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, Leptotrichia spp., Selenomonas noxia, Streptococcus cristatus, and Kingella oralis. Lactobacilli were absent, S. mutans was present in one, and Actinomyces spp. were present in 50% of the controls. In contrast, the microbiota of the RC subjects was dominated by Actinomyces spp., lactobacilli, S. mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Selenomonas sp. clone CS002, Atopobium and Olsenella spp., Prevotella multisaccharivorax, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Propionibacterium sp. strain FMA5. The bacterial profiles of RC showed considerable subject-to-subject variation, indicating that the microbial communities are more complex than previously presumed. The data suggest that putative etiological agents of RC include not only S. mutans, lactobacilli, and Actinomyces but also species of Atopobium, Olsenella, Pseudoramibacter, Propionibacterium, and Selenomonas.

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“…Risk factors associated with root caries are age [Fure, 1998], oral hygiene [Ravald et al, 1993], high salivary yeast counts [Nähri et al, 1998], reduction of the salivary flow [Fure and Zickert, 1990], sugar consumption [Faine et al, 1992], coronal caries experience [Vehkalahti, 1987], root caries experience [Hand et al, 1991;Gilbert et al, 2001] and periodontal inflammation [Jones, 1995]. Vehkalahti and Paunio [1994] found a positive association between the presence of subgingival plaque and the occurrence of root caries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Derived Proteinases and Degradation of Dentine Collagen in situ

Strijp¹,

Jansen

DeGroot³

et al. 2003

Caries Res

147

123

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Dentine root caries is a process of demineralization and degradation of the organic matrix by proteinases. In this in situ study, the presence and activity of the matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2 and 9 (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) in saliva and in completely demineralized dentine specimens were investigated. Furthermore, the activity of cathepsin B was determined in saliva. A correlation between these enzymes and the level of degraded collagen was investigated. Demineralized dentine specimens were mounted in the partial prosthesis of 17 volunteers. Saliva samples were taken at 0, 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the enzymes were extracted from the dentine specimens and the collagen loss was assessed. The collagen loss varied between 0 and 40.3%. Zymography of the saliva and the dentine extract samples showed that (pro-)MMP-2 and (pro-)MMP-9 were present. The levels of active MMPs were assessed, using fluorogenic MMP-specific substrates. All but 3 of the 51 saliva samples showed MMP-1 activity ranging from 1.5 to 101.1 relative fluorescence units (RFU)/s. Forty-eight saliva samples showed gelatinolytic MMP-2/MMP-9 activity (1.7–141.1 RFU/s). MMP-1 activity was shown in all dentine extracts varying between 3.5 and 295.0 RFU/s. From the dentine extracts, 15 showed MMP-2/MMP-9 activity (0.2–13.7 RFU/s). The MMP activity from both saliva and dentine extracts did not correlate with the collagen loss. The activity of salivary cathepsin B varied from 4.8 to 42.2 arbitrary units/min. A positive correlation was found between salivary MMP activity and cathepsin B activity. This study revealed that gelatinolytic enzyme activity was present both in saliva and dentine collagen. No correlation could be observed, however, between the level of enzyme activity and the collagen loss of the dentine specimens.

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Five-Year Incidence of Caries, Salivary and Microbial Conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-Year-Old Swedish Individuals

Cited by 54 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Dental Carious Lesions with Different Classes of Medications

Prevalence of Dental Carious Lesions with Different Classes of Medications

Bacterial Profiles of Root Caries in Elderly Patients

Host-Derived Proteinases and Degradation of Dentine Collagen in situ

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