Five‐year double‐blind fluoridated milk study in scotland

Stephen, K.W.; Boyle, Iain T.; Campbell, D; McNee, S.G.; Boyle, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01444.x

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Nonetheless, fluoridated milk has been shown to have a caries preventive effect in rats (Poulsen et al 1976) and humans. In clinical trials of fluoridated milk positive results have been obtained in terms of caries reduction (Rusoff et al 1962;Ziegler, 1962;Stephen et al 1981Stephen et al , 1984. The only trial conducted in the UK was a 5 year study of Glaswegian children initially +$ years old who each received 200 ml milk with (n = 50) or without (n = 56) 7 p.p.m.…”

Section: I E T N U T R I T I O N a N D D E N T A L H E A L T Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

Moynihan

1995

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Section: I E T N U T R I T I O N a N D D E N T A L H E A L T Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

Moynihan

1995

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Several clinical trials have reported the effectiveness of fluoride-containing milk in the reduction of caries (1,14), although neither has described any microbiological differences between test and control groups. This study mimicked several of the features of the clinical trials, including the amount of milk delivered and the fluoride concentrations used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Study of the Effect of Fluoridated Milk on Oral Bacterial Biofilms

Pratten¹,

Bedi

Wilson³

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microcosmic dental plaques were grown in artificial saliva and supplemented with either milk or fluoridated milk. The presence of fluoride in the milk increased the pH of the biofilms and reduced the proportions of streptococci, demonstrating that in this model, fluoridation of milk produces biofilms with reduced cariogenic potential.Caries, one of the most prevalent diseases of humans, results from the production of acids in bacterial biofilms (dental plaques) on the tooth surface which causes localized destruction of the teeth (2). The plaque microflora are diverse, and disease is not due to an exogenous species but to changes in the proportions of members of the resident microflora-in particular, an increase in the levels of mutans streptococci (7). Fluoride continues to be the cornerstone of any caries prevention program and is administered, in many regions of the world, by fluoridation of the water supply (11). Milk fluoridation has been suggested as a possible alternative to water fluoridation, as it is an important foodstuff for children, the primary group when considering caries prevention (16). Although several studies have reported on the clinical benefits of fluoridation, (5, 6), no detailed investigation of its effects on biofilms of oral bacteria under controlled conditions in vitro has yet been published.A considerable amount of information concerning the identity and metabolism of bacteria found in plaque has now been amassed, however, and much in vitro work has involved the use of aqueous suspensions of bacteria rather than the biofilmgrown cells which comprise dental plaque (8). It is well established that many attributes of a bacterium grown in aqueous suspension differ considerably from those found when it is grown in a biofilm (3,17). The existence of differences between biofilm-grown bacteria and aqueous suspensions argues strongly that studies of plaque bacteria should be biofilm based. The purpose of this study was to use a biofilm-based model to determine the effects of fluoridation of milk on the cariogenic potential of dental plaque microcosms grown under conditions similar to those which would exist in vivo.Saliva was used as an inoculum to provide a multi-species biofilm consisting of organisms found in the oral cavity. Saliva was collected from 10 healthy individuals, equal amounts from each person were pooled, and 1-ml aliquots were dispensed into cryovials and stored at Ϫ70°C for subsequent use.Biofilms were grown in a constant-depth film fermentor as described previously (13). The nutrient supply was a mucincontaining artificial saliva which was delivered to the biofilms at a rate of 0.72 liters/day (12). In different experiments, the biofilms were supplemented with either ultra-high-temperature milk (containing 0.03 g of fluoride [Safeway, Hayes, United Kingdom] per ml) or with this milk containing an additional 5.00 g of fluoride per ml (i.e., a total of 5.03 g of fluoride per ml). A total of 200 ml of milk was pulsed into the constant-depth film fermentor at the same time each ...

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“…However, there has been a controversial discussion about the fluoride availability in milk 27 . Milk fluoridation has been suggested as an alternative to water fluoridation because milk is an important food for children 1,2,4,5 . Previous studies have shown that milk and fluoridated milk reduces the caries progression in enamel 6,8,9 and on root surfaces 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of fluoridated milk on inhibition and remineralizing treatment of initial caries lesions has been studied in clinical [1][2][3][4] and experimental in vitro investigations [5][6][7][8] . In experimental studies so far a chemical demineralization model has been used [5][6][7][8][9] which does not take into account the oral bacterial environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro effect of fluoridated milk in a bacterial biofilm - Enamel model

Arnold

Forer²,

Heesen³

et al. 2006

BIOMED PAP

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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of milk and fluoridated milk on bacterially induced caries-like lesions. Sample and methods: Extracted impacted human molars were cut in half and covered with a varnish leaving a 4×4 mm window. The samples were coated with biofilm of S. sobrinus and were further divided into three experimental groups of S. sobrinus, S. sobrinus and milk and S. sobrinus and fluoridated milk. As negative controls served teeth incubated in saline. Of twenty tooth halves serial ground sections were cut through the lesions and investigated with polarization light microscopy (PLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX element analysis. The PLM photographs were used for 3D reconstruction, volumetric assessment and determination of the extension of the lesion zones. Of eight tooth halves the biofilm on the enamel surface was studied with SEM and EDX element analysis. Results: Volumetric assessment showed a statistically significant difference in the volume of the body of the lesion and the translucent zone between the milk group and fluoridated milk group. Quantitative element analysis demonstrated significant differences between sound enamel and the superficial layer in the fluoridated milk group. The biofilm on the enamel surface showed an increased Ca content in the milk group and fluoridated milk group. Conclusions: Milk as a common nutrient seems to play a complex role in in-vitro biofilm -enamel interactions stimulating bacterial demineralization on one hand, and, as effective fluoride carrier, inhibits caries-like demineralization.

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Five‐year double‐blind fluoridated milk study in scotland

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

The Relationship Between Diet, Nutrition and Dental Health: an Overview and Update for the 90s

An In Vitro Study of the Effect of Fluoridated Milk on Oral Bacterial Biofilms

The in vitro effect of fluoridated milk in a bacterial biofilm - Enamel model

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