Five Short Historical Earthquake Surface Ruptures near the Silk Road, Gansu Province, China

Xu, Xiwei; Yeats, Robert S.; Yu, Guihua

doi:10.1785/0120080282

Cited by 81 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1). However, before the 1920 M ∼ 8:7 Haiyuan earthquake, no great earthquakes had occurred around the modeled region for at least more than about 200-300 years (SSBC, 1995;Liu and Yang, 2003;Xu et al, 2010). After the 1920 M ∼ 8:7 Haiyuan event, four M > 7:0 strong earthquakes had occurred around the northeastern Tibetan plateau edge ( Fig.…”

Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1, Table 1). Seismological observations have documented the coseismic displacements of these strong earthquakes from ∼1:0 to ∼8:0 m ( Molnar and Deng, 1984;Zhang et al, 1987;Peltzer et al, 1988;Gaudemer et al, 1995;Liu-Zeng et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2010). Based on moment release estimate and empirical scaling laws, the rupture depth of these strong earthquakes has been predicted to range from 10 to 20 km (Molnar and Deng, 1984;Wells and Coppersmith, 1994;Gaudemer et al, 1995).…”

Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven years after this event, the 1927 M ∼ 8:3 Gulang earthquake occurred in the middle segment of the northeastern Tibetan plateau edge and ruptured a southwest-dipping thrust fault about 100 km (Gaudemer et al, 1995). Then near the northwestern end of the Qilian Shan, the 1932 M ∼ 7:6 Changma earthquake ruptured a southwest-dipping thrust fault about 116 km with both thrusting and strike-slip deformations (Peltzer et al, 1988;Xu et al, 2010). In addition to these three great earthquakes, a couple of M ∼ 6 strong earthquakes occurred between these significant events either with thrust or with strike-slip faulting (Lasserre et al, 2001;Xu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then near the northwestern end of the Qilian Shan, the 1932 M ∼ 7:6 Changma earthquake ruptured a southwest-dipping thrust fault about 116 km with both thrusting and strike-slip deformations (Peltzer et al, 1988;Xu et al, 2010). In addition to these three great earthquakes, a couple of M ∼ 6 strong earthquakes occurred between these significant events either with thrust or with strike-slip faulting (Lasserre et al, 2001;Xu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Finite‐Element Modeling of Earthquake Interaction and Stress Accumulation on Main Active Faults around the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Edge in the Past ∼100 Years

Xiao

2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The northeastern Tibetan plateau edge is an active tectonic region with crustal deformation featured mainly by thrust and strike-slip faults. In the past ∼100 years, several strong earthquakes have occurred around this region. Associated with regional tectonic loading, these strong earthquakes altered the stress buildup of active faults; this in turn should affect the potential hazard of seismicity around the northeastern Tibetan plateau. Here, we developed a 3D viscoelastic finite-element model to explore the stress accumulation along the main active faults during the past ∼100 years. In this model, rheological contrast of the crust and upper mantle between the Tibetan plateau and its surrounding regions is approximated, and regional tectonic loading is simplified from dense Global Positioning System measurements. Results show that after the 1920 M ∼ 8:7 Haiyuan earthquake, the succeeding ruptures, both of thrusting and strike-slipping events, had received positive changes of Coulomb failure stress-among which the coseismic and the postseismic deformations from previous earthquake(s) contributed 36%-80%. This means that significant mechanical interactions existed between the active faults around northeastern Tibet during the earthquake process even though they were separated by hundreds of kilometers. Numerical results also suggest that the 1954 M ∼ 7:2 Shandan earthquake and the 1990 M ∼ 6:2 Tianzhu earthquake could have been triggered because the Coulomb failure stress received from coseismic and postseismic deformation of previous earthquakes around the epicenter of these two events reached ∼0:02-0:3 MPa. After about 100 years of regional tectonic loading-coseismic and postseismic deformations of past large earthquakes-the Coulomb failure stress along the northeastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, the Tianzhu segment of the Haiyuan fault, and the Gulang fault has accumulated to 0:005-0:2 MPa. Therefore, as previous studies mentioned for the Tianzhu seismic gap, these active faults should be carefully studied because of their potential earthquake hazard.Online Material: Snapshots of Coulomb failure stress changes.

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Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3D Finite‐Element Modeling of Earthquake Interaction and Stress Accumulation on Main Active Faults around the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Edge in the Past ∼100 Years

Xiao

2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…This fault system accommodates the deformation caused by the India-Eurasia collision (Jolivet et al 2012). The Haiyuan fault system triggered two M W 8 earthquakes, the Haiyuan earthquake in 1920 and the Gulang earthquake in 1927 (e.g., Deng et al 1986;Xu et al 2010). The Haiyuan earthquake in the eastern section of the Haiyuan fault was caused by strike-slip movement with a rupture of 220 km.…”

Section: Geological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationship between the regional tectonic activity and crustal structure in the eastern Tibetan plateau discovered by gravity anomaly

Gao

Guo

2016

Earthq Sci

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The eastern Tibetan plateau has been getting more and more attention because it combines active faults, uplifting, and large earthquakes together in a high-population region. Based on the previous researches, the most of Cenozoic tectonic activities were related to the regional structure of the local blocks within the crustal scale. Thus, a better understanding of the crustal structure of the regional tectonic blocks is an important topic for further study. In this paper, we combined the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly with the Moho depths from previous studies to investigate the crustal structure in this area. To highlight the crustal structures, the gravity anomaly caused by the Moho relief has been reduced by forward modeling calculations. A total horizontal derivative (THD) had been applied on the gravity residuals. The results indicated that the crustal gravity residual is compatible with the topography and the geological settings of the regional blocks, including the Sichuan basin, the Chuxiong basin, the Xiaojiang fault, and the Jinhe fault, as well as the Longmenshan fault zone. The THD emphasized the west margin of Yangtze block, i.e., the Longriba fault zone and the Xiaojiang fault cut through the Yangtze block. The checkboard pattern of the gravity residual in the SongpanGarze fold belt and Chuandian fragment shows that the crust is undergoing a southward and SE-directed extrusion, which is coincident with the flowing direction indicated from the GPS measurements. By integrating the interpretations, the stepwise extensional mechanism of the eastern Tibetan plateau is supported by the southeastward crustal deformation, and the extrusion of Chuandian fragment is achieved by Xianshuihe fault.

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Partitioning of oblique convergence coupled to the fault locking behavior of fold‐and‐thrust belts: Evidence from the Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2017

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Oblique plate convergence is common, but it is not clear how the obliquity is achieved by continental fold‐and‐thrust belts. We address this problem in the Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, using fieldwork observations, geomorphic analysis, and elastic dislocation modeling of published geodetic data. A thrust dips SSW from the northern range front and underlies steeper thrusts in the interior. Cenozoic thrust‐related shortening across the Qilian Shan is ~155–175 km, based on two transects. Elastic dislocation modeling indicates that horizontal strain in the interseismic period is consistent with oblique slip on a single low‐angle detachment thrust below ~26 km depth, dipping SSW at ~17°. We suggest that this detachment is located above North China Block crust, originally underthrust during Paleozoic orogeny. Horizontal shear strain is localized directly above the updip limit of creep on the detachment and is coincident with the left‐lateral Haiyuan Fault. This configuration implies that oblique slip on the detachment below seismogenic depths is partitioned in the shallow crust onto separate strike‐slip and thrust faults. This is consistent with strain partitioning in oceanic subduction zones but has not previously been found by dislocation models of continental interiors. The marginal, strike‐slip, Altyn Tagh Fault influences thrusting within the Qilian Shan for 100–200 km from the fault but does not control the regional structure, where Paleozoic basement faults have been reactivated. The Qilian Shan resembles the main Tibetan Plateau in nascent form: active thrusts are marginal to an interior that is developing plateau characteristics, involving low relief, and low seismicity.

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Five Short Historical Earthquake Surface Ruptures near the Silk Road, Gansu Province, China

Cited by 81 publications

References 34 publications

3D Finite‐Element Modeling of Earthquake Interaction and Stress Accumulation on Main Active Faults around the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Edge in the Past ∼100 Years

3D Finite‐Element Modeling of Earthquake Interaction and Stress Accumulation on Main Active Faults around the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Edge in the Past ∼100 Years

Relationship between the regional tectonic activity and crustal structure in the eastern Tibetan plateau discovered by gravity anomaly

Partitioning of oblique convergence coupled to the fault locking behavior of fold‐and‐thrust belts: Evidence from the Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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