Five Questions about Mycoviruses

Son, Moonil; Yu, Jisuk; Kim, Kook‐Hyung

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005172

Cited by 118 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As virtually all other known iflaviruses are insect pathogens, it seems likely that the virus moved from an insect host to an ancestor of E. muscae . When this happened and how broad the association is remains to be seen, but there is precedent for host switching in iflaviruses (Saqib et al, 2015) , and many fungal viruses are members of families that also infect animals (Son et al, 2015) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomophthovirus: An insect-derived iflavirus that infects a behavior manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans

Bronski

et al. 2018

Preprint

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We discovered a virus infecting Entomophthora muscae , a behavior-manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans. The virus, which we name Entomophthovirus, is a capsid-forming, positive-strand RNA virus in the viral family iflaviridae, whose known members almost exclusively infect insects. We show that the virus RNA is expressed at high levels in fungal cells in vitro and during in vivo infections of Drosophila melanogaster , and that virus particles are present in E. muscae . Two close relatives of the virus had been previously described as insect viruses based on the presence of viral genomes in transcriptomes assembled from RNA extracted from wild dipterans. By analyzing sequencing data from these earlier reports, we show that both dipteran samples were co-infected with E. muscae . We also find the virus in RNA sequencing data from samples of two other species of dipterans, Musca domestica and Delia radicum , known to be infected with E. muscae . These data establish that Entomophthovirus is widely, and seemingly obligately, associated with E. muscae . As other members of the iflaviridae cause behavioral changes in insects, we speculate on the possibility that Entomophthovirus plays a role in E. muscae involved host manipulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomophthovirus: An insect-derived iflavirus that infects a behavior manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans

Bronski

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The advances in the field of mycovirology achieved during the last years indicate that these interactions are rather diverse, ranging from mutualism, e.g. improvement of the adaption abilities of the host towards abiotic stress [13], to severe impairment including irregular growth, diminished reproduction, lack of pigmentation and hypovirulence [14]. Using mycoviruses, which induce such impairments in their host, for the control of plant pathogens in agricultural systems is a tempting approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Mycoviral Diversity of the Virome of an Avirulent Isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IV

Bartholomäus¹,

Wibberg

Winkler

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Rhizoctonia solani represents an important plant pathogenic Basidiomycota species complex and the host of many different mycoviruses, as indicated by frequent detection of dsRNA elements in natural populations of the fungus. To date, eight different mycoviruses have been characterized in Rhizoctonia and some of them have been reported to modulate its virulence. DsRNA extracts of the avirulent R. solani isolate DC17 (AG2-2-IV) displayed a diverse pattern, indicating multiple infections with mycoviruses. Deep sequencing analysis of the dsRNA extract, converted to cDNA, revealed that this isolate harbors at least 17 different mycovirus species. Based on the alignment of the conserved RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) domain, this viral community included putative members of the families Narnaviridae, Endornaviridae, Partitiviridae and Megabirnaviridae as well as of the order Tymovirales. Furthermore, viruses, which could not be assigned to any existing family or order, but showed similarities to so far unassigned species like Sclerotinia sclerotiorum RNA virus L, Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 1, Aspergillus foetidus slow virus 2 or Rhizoctonia fumigata virus 1, were identified. This is the first report of a fungal isolate infected by 17 different viral species and a valuable study case to explore the diversity of mycoviruses infecting R. solani.

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“…However, the origin of the third segment DNA-C of FgGMTV1 and its function on the evolution of FgGMTV1 need to be further investigated. The development of transformation and transfection techniques [e.g., transformation of fungal spheroplasts using complementary DNA (cDNA) infectious clones (40,41), and transfection of fungal spheroplasts with dsRNA (42), in vitro-transcribed RNA transcripts (43)(44)(45), or purified virions (46,47)] has facilitated the identification of viral and/or host factor(s) involved in symptom induction or virus replication for many mycovirus-host systems, especially in the hypovirus-host system (2). These techniques can also be used to expand the host ranges of some mycoviruses, without the obstacles of vegetative incompatibility (48).…”

Section: Alfalfa Leaf Curl Virus Turnip Curly Top Virus Tomato Pseudomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycoviruses or fungal viruses are ubiquitous in all major taxa of fungi (1,2). According to the latest list of fungal viruses approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), mycoviruses have double-stranded (ds) RNA linear genomes, positivesense single-stranded (+ss) RNA linear genomes including reversetranscribing RNA linear genomes, negative-sense ssRNA (−ssRNA) linear genomes, or ssDNA circular genomes (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tripartite ssDNA mycovirus from a plant pathogenic fungus is infectious as cloned DNA and purified virions

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci. Adv.

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Here, we describe a tripartite circular single-stranded (ss) DNA mycovirus, named Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1). The genome of FgGMTV1 comprises three circular ssDNA segments (DNA-A, DNA-B, and DNA-C). Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses showed that FgGMTV1 is nested within the family Genomoviridae. We also constructed the first infectious DNA clones of a DNA mycovirus. Our results show that DNA-A and DNA-B are mutually interdependent for their replication and are associated with severely reduced colony growth and hypovirulence. DNA-C relies on DNA-A and DNA-B for replication and is necessary for the recovery of abnormal fungal phenotypes. DNA-C also enhances the accumulation of viral DNA in infected fungi and permits stable colonization and easy transmission via conidia. This is the first multipartite DNA virus isolated from a fungus. Our phylogenetic analyses also suggest that the multipartite genome of FgGMTV1 may have evolved from a monopartite genome of an ancient genomovirus.

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Five Questions about Mycoviruses

Cited by 118 publications

References 38 publications

Entomophthovirus: An insect-derived iflavirus that infects a behavior manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans

Entomophthovirus: An insect-derived iflavirus that infects a behavior manipulating fungal pathogen of dipterans

Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Mycoviral Diversity of the Virome of an Avirulent Isolate of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IV

A tripartite ssDNA mycovirus from a plant pathogenic fungus is infectious as cloned DNA and purified virions

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