Five-Level T-type Cascade Converter for Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

Vladu, Ionel Cristian; Kouro, Samir; Rojas, Christian A.; Pérez, Marcelo A.; Meynard, Thierry; Malinowski, Mariusz

doi:10.3390/en12091743

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Finally, it should be noted that the switching frequencies range from a few hundred Hz to a few kHz. IGBT 3 , IGBT 5,8,9,10,11 Number of Semiconductors 16 1 , 48 4 , 60 12 300 7 , 120 5,13 , 76 14 , 128 16 48 2 48 18 36 3 216 5 , 52 8 , 96 9 , 192 10 , 72 11 PWM Technique PSC 1, 4, 12 SVPWM 13 PWM 2 PWM 18 PSC 5 , Voltage levels 5 1 , 9 4 , 31 17 19 13 3 2 3 18 7 3 13 5 , 17 8,9 , 33 10 , 19 11 References: 1 [38], 2 [167], 3 [168], 4 [169], 5 [170], 6 [171], 7 [172], 8 [173], 9 [174], 10 [175], 11 [176], 12 [177], 13 [178], 14 [179], 15 [180], 16 [181], 17 [182], 18 [183].…”

Section: Submodule Topologies Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Modular Multilevel Converters, Submodule Topologies, and Modulation Techniques

2022

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The concept of the modular multilevel converter (MLC) has been raising interest in research in order to improve their performance and applicability. The potential of an MLC is enormous, with a great focus on medium- and high-voltage applications, such as solar photovoltaic and wind farms, electrified railway systems, or power distribution systems. This concept makes it possible to overcome the limitation of the semiconductors blocking voltages, presenting advantageous characteristics. However, the complexity of implementation and control presents added challenges. Thus, this paper aims to contribute with a critical and comparative analysis of the state‑of‑the‑art aspects of this concept in order to maximize its potential. In this paper, different power electronics converter topologies that can be integrated into the MLC concept are presented, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each topology. Nevertheless, different modulation techniques used in an MLC are also presented and analyzed. Computational simulations of all the modulation techniques under analysis were developed, based on four cascaded full-bridge topologies. Considering the simulation results, a comparative analysis was possible to make regarding the symmetry of the synthesized waveforms, the harmonic content, and the power distribution in each submodule constituting the MLC.

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Section: Submodule Topologies Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Modular Multilevel Converters, Submodule Topologies, and Modulation Techniques

2022

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“…To solve this problem, previous works have proposed a control algorithm that regulates the modulated voltage amplitude. According to [18,22], this strategy increases the amplitude level in modules with high power levels and reduces the amplitude in modules with low power levels. However, the capability of withstanding energy imbalances using this approach is limited when the converter works close to overmodulation.…”

Section: General Considerations For Energy Balancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrature Voltage Compensation in the Isolated Multi-Modular Converter

2021

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Series connections of modules in cascaded multilevel converters are prone to power imbalances due to voltage differences on their DC side. When modules are connected to direct current (DC) sources, such as photovoltaic panels, the capability of withstanding power imbalances is crucial for generating the maximum power. In order to provide a possible solution for this requirement, this paper proposes a control strategy called Quadrature Voltage Compensation, which allows a wide range of power imbalances. The proposed control strategy regulates the power by introducing a circulating current between the arms and a phase angle in the output voltage. The impact of the circulating current and its effect on the phase voltage are studied. To highlight the features of the proposed strategy, an analytical model based on vector superposition is also described, demonstrating the strong capability of tolerating power differences. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the Quadrature Voltage Compensation, simulation and experimental results are presented for a three-phase isolated multi-modular converter.

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“…The grid current reference i * s is compared with the measured value of the single-phase load current i s . The load current error signal is feed into a proportional multi-resonant (PMR) controller whose continuous transfer function is [36,37]:…”

Section: Control Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Level Quasi-Nested Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Applications

Reusser

Young

2021

Electronics

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In this paper, a novel four-level single-phase multilevel converter is introduced, consisting of six active switches arranged in a quasi-nested configuration. The proposed topology synthesizes its output voltage levels with respect to a floating neutral point, using four cascaded capacitors with identical voltage levels. The proposed converter contains a reduced number of components compared to the neutral point clamped (NPC) or active-NPC topologies (ANPC) for the same number of output voltage levels, since it does not require diode or active switch clamping to a neutral point. Moreover, no floating capacitors with asymmetric voltage levels are employed, thereby simplifying the capacitor voltage balancing. The switching operation principles, modulation technique and control scheme for supplying a single-phase resistive-inductive load are addressed in detail. The proposed four-level inverter allows generating an additional output voltage level with the same semiconductor count as conventional three-level inverters such as NPC and ANPC which allows a superior waveform quality, with a THDv reduction of 32.69% in comparison the clamped inverters. Experimental tests carried out in a laboratory-scale setup verify the feasibility of the proposed topology.

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Five-Level T-type Cascade Converter for Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Modular Multilevel Converters, Submodule Topologies, and Modulation Techniques

A Comprehensive Review on Modular Multilevel Converters, Submodule Topologies, and Modulation Techniques

Quadrature Voltage Compensation in the Isolated Multi-Modular Converter

Four-Level Quasi-Nested Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Applications

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