Five Factor Model personality disorder scales: An introduction to a special section on assessment of maladaptive variants of the five factor model.

Bagby, R. Michael; Widiger, Thomas A.

doi:10.1037/pas0000523

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Dissociation and mania can be added as provisional dimensions 56,58,60,63,83 . The spectrum also includes facets of psychoticism trait: peculiarity (odd appearance, speech and behavior), unusual beliefs (unfounded or magical), unusual experiences (perceptual distortions, depersonalization and derealization), and fantasy proneness (vivid imagination and tendency to become engrossed in inner experiences) 25,68,78,110 .…”

Section: Structural Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co‐occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis‐related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.

show abstract

Section: Structural Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…FFMPD scales have been developed that assess for maladaptive variants of low neuroticism, high extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (i.e., the poles of the FFM generally understood as being adaptive; Bagby & Widiger, 2018). For high openness there is (for instance) Odd-Eccentric, Aberrant Ideas, and Aberrant Perceptions from the Five Factor Schizotypal Inventory (FFSI; Edmundson, Lynam, Miller, Gore, & Widiger, 2011); for high conscientiousness there is Perfectionism, Fastidiousness, Workaholism, and Ruminative Deliberation from the Five Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI; Samuel, Riddell, Lynam, Miller, & Widiger, 2012); for low neuroticism there is Invulnerability and Unconcern from the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al, 2011) and Indifference from the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI; Glover, Miller, Lynam, Crego, & Widiger, 2012); for high extraversion there is Authoritativeness from the FFNI and Excitement-Seeking and Domineering from the EPA; for high agreeableness there is Subservience and Self-Effacing from the Five Factor Dependency Inventory (FFDI; Gore, Presnall, Lynam, Miller, & Widiger, 2012) and Timorousness from the Five Factor Avoidant Assessment (FFAvA; Lynam, Loehr, Miller, & Widiger, 2012).…”

Section: Maladaptive Variants Of Adaptive Traits and Bloated Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high openness there is (for instance) Odd-Eccentric, Aberrant Ideas, and Aberrant Perceptions from the Five Factor Schizotypal Inventory (FFSI; Edmundson, Lynam, Miller, Gore, & Widiger, 2011); for high conscientiousness there is Perfectionism, Fastidiousness, Workaholism, and Ruminative Deliberation from the Five Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI; Samuel, Riddell, Lynam, Miller, & Widiger, 2012); for low neuroticism there is Invulnerability and Unconcern from the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al, 2011) and Indifference from the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI; Glover, Miller, Lynam, Crego, & Widiger, 2012); for high extraversion there is Authoritativeness from the FFNI and Excitement-Seeking and Domineering from the EPA; for high agreeableness there is Subservience and Self-Effacing from the Five Factor Dependency Inventory (FFDI; Gore, Presnall, Lynam, Miller, & Widiger, 2012) and Timorousness from the Five Factor Avoidant Assessment (FFAvA; Lynam, Loehr, Miller, & Widiger, 2012). Empirical support for the FFM locations for all of these scales was provided within the initial validation studies (e.g., Edmundson et al, 2011;Lynam et al, 2011Lynam et al, , 2012Glover et al, 2012;Gore et al, 2011;Samuel et al, 2012) and subsequent cross-validation studies (Bagby & Widiger, 2018).…”

Section: Maladaptive Variants Of Adaptive Traits and Bloated Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maladaptive Variants of Adaptive Traits and Bloated Specific Factors

Oltmanns¹,

Widiger²

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The five-factor model of personality disorder (FFMPD) hypothesizes that the traditionally adaptive five-factor model (FFM) poles (e.g., agreeableness) include maladaptive variants. However, “bloated specific factors” (BSFs), which are artifactual factors that emerge when a specific facet of a broader construct is over-represented, complicate research on the maladaptive variants. Twenty-five sets of factor analyses are completed herein demonstrating that items from maladaptive trait facet scales form BSFs when over-represented in factor analyses with other FFM indicators, separating from the higher-order domains in which they were originally located. These results held in 23 of 25 cases. Ensuring balanced collections of scales representing constructs would help researchers avoid BSFs. The implications of BSFs for future research on personality structure are discussed.

show abstract

“…In previous studies, CAT was initially designed for cognitive tests (Wainer, 2000). A variety of CAT procedures have been used recently to assess personality or attitude (Yang, 2017;Bagby and Widiger, 2018). In addition, CAT has attracted much more attention in the field of quality of life issues, such as depression (Loe et al, 2017) and anxiety (Gibbons et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Computerized Adaptive Test to Assess Stress in Chinese College Students

Tian

Dai

2020

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stress is among the most prevalent problems in life; thus, measurement of stress is of great importance for disease prevention and evaluation. This work aims to develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) application to measure stress (CAT-S) based on item response theory (IRT). Two types of analyses were performed. The first analysis was to meet the psychometric requirements of the CATS. A Paper and Pencil (P&P) test involving 226 items was developed based on eight stress-related scales, and 972 Chinese college students completed the test. The first seven scales were used to build the item bank, and the last scale (i.e., the Perceived Stress Scale, PSS) was used to determine the convergent validity of the CATS. With some statistical considerations, such as item fit, discrimination, differential item functioning (DIF), and the assumption of unidimensionality, the final item bank comprised 93 items. The second analysis was to simulate the CAT adaptively using the existing item response. A Bayesian method called Expected a Posterior method (EAP) was used to estimate θ. For the item selection strategy, the greatest item information was considered at each step. The stopping rule was determined by the fixed length (10, 11, 12,. . ., 20, and 93) or the prespecified level of measurement precision (standard errors of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8). Finally, the criterion validity was tested by using PSS as a criterion and analyzing the effect of CATS diagnosis with a receiver operating curve (ROC). The results showed that (1) the final stress item bank had good quality based on the psychometric evaluation, (2) the CAT-scores were highly correlated with the scores of the final item bank, (3) the scores of the P&P form of PSS were correlated with those of the CATS (r > 0.5), (4) the value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was greater than 0.7 under each stopping rule, and (5) the CATS needed only a small number of items to obtain a highly precise measure of stress. Therefore, the CATS presented the theoretically expected advantages, which enabled a rapid, accurate, and efficient dynamic and intelligent measurement of stress.

show abstract

Five Factor Model personality disorder scales: An introduction to a special section on assessment of maladaptive variants of the five factor model.

Cited by 54 publications

References 89 publications

Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum

Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum

Maladaptive Variants of Adaptive Traits and Bloated Specific Factors

Developing a Computerized Adaptive Test to Assess Stress in Chinese College Students

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About