Five-factor model and internalizing and externalizing syndromes: A 5-year prospective study

Mezquita, Laura; Ibáñez, Manuel I.; Villa, Helena; Fañanás, Lourdes; Moya-Higueras, Jorge; Ortet, Generós

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.002

Cited by 35 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…A combination of low agreeableness and low conscientiousness is thought to reflect Eysenk’s psychoticism personality 4 . PC2 is closely aligned with extraversion-introversion which has been associated with externalizing/internalizing traits and activation/inhibition 28,29 . Internalizing traits (e.g., neuroticism, depression, anxiety and withdrawal) 21 have negative loadings on PC2.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders

et al. 2016

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Summary Personality is influenced by genetic and environmental factors1, and associated with mental health. However, the underlying genetic determinants are largely unknown. We identified six genetic loci, including five novel loci2,3, significantly associated with personality traits in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (N=123,132–260,861). Of these genome-wide significant loci, extraversion was associated with variants in WSCD2 and near PCDH15, and neuroticism with variants on chromosome 8p23.1 and in L3MBTL2. We performed a principal component analysis to extract major dimensions underlying genetic variations among five personality traits and six psychiatric disorders (N=5,422–18,759). The first genetic dimension separated personality traits and psychiatric disorders, except that neuroticism and openness to experience were clustered with the disorders. High genetic correlations were found between extraversion and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and between openness and schizophrenia/bipolar disorder. The second genetic dimension was closely aligned with extraversion-introversion and grouped neuroticism with internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression/anxiety).

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confidence: 92%

“…Internalizing traits (e.g., neuroticism, depression, anxiety and withdrawal) 21 have negative loadings on PC2. Externalizing traits are predicted by high extraversion, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness 29 .…”

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confidence: 97%

Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders

et al. 2016

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“…As a result, stability estimates may have been attenuated as a result of measurement error at T2, and differences in the measures used across time points raise interpretational difficulties. Other studies examined stability of internalizing and/or externalizing factors in models that did not include a p factor, and found moderate to strong homotypic continuity (r’s ~.5–.95); critically however, these studies did not test heterotypic continuity estimates, making it impossible to determine the relative strength of homotypic vs. heterotypic continuity (e.g., Eaton et al, 2013; Kreuger, Caspi, Moffitt, & Silva, 1998; Mezquita et al, 2015; Nobile, Greco, et al, 2013; Vollebergh et al, 2001). …”

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confidence: 99%

Strong Homotypic Continuity in Common Psychopathology-, Internalizing-, and Externalizing-Specific Factors Over Time in Adolescents

Snyder

Young

Hankin

2016

Clinical Psychological Science

176

169

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Dimensional models of psychopathology have recently gained prominence that posit a general psychopathology factor (i.e., p factor), in addition to specific internalizing and externalizing factors. However, the stability of these factors, and the specificity with which they are related to one another over time (e.g., homotypic or heterotypic continuity), have not been investigated. The current study addressed these questions. We estimated bifactor models, with p, internalizing-specific and externalizing-specific factors, with youth and caretaker report of symptoms at two time points (18 months apart), in a large community sample of adolescents. Results showed strong stability over time with highly specific links (i.e., p factor at Time 1 to Time 2; internalizing-specific at Time 1 to Time 2, externalizing-specific at Time 1 to Time 2), suggesting strong homotypic continuity between higher-order latent psychopathology factors.

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“…For example, the temperamental dimensions of impulsivity and inhibitory control may be associated with the personality dimension of impulsivity, and temperamental disinhibition shares some similarities with the personality dimension of sensation seeking/venturesomeness (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1978). Since personality has been shown to be associated with externalizing behaviors and substance use (Castellanos-Ryan & Conrod, 2012;DeYoung, Peterson, Séguin, & Tremblay, 2008;Mezquita et al, 2015;Zvolensky, Taha, Bono, & Goodwin, 2015), future longitudinal studies could test a mediated moderation model (Muller, Judd, & Yzerbyt, 2005) examining whether the interaction between temperament and the family is mediated by personality in the prediction of externalizing behaviors and substance use. Other variables than personality that could potentially mediate the association include peer affiliation (Dishion & Tipsord, 2011;Leung, Toumbourou, & Hemphill, 2014; MarschallLévesque, Castellanos-Ryan, Vitaro, & Séguin, 2014), self-control abilities (Wills & Dishion, 2004) as well as the internalization of social norms and positive morals and the effectiveness of socialization (Kochanska, 1993;Kochanska & Aksan, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

The interaction between temperament and the family environment in adolescent substance use and externalizing behaviors: Support for diathesis–stress or differential susceptibility?

Rioux

Castellanos‐Ryan

Parent

et al. 2016

Developmental Review

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Both individual and environmental factors predict externalizing behaviors and substance use (EB-SU); however, different patterns of interaction among these factors may have different implications. This review first examines how temperament and the family environment interact in the prediction of adolescent EB-SU. Second, studies are reviewed according to two theoretical models: (1) diathesis-stress, i.e., certain individual characteristics are linked to vulnerability and later problems in adverse environments; (2) differential susceptibility, i.e., these characteristics are linked to susceptibility, predicting problems in adverse environments, but also better than average outcomes in good environments. Fourteen studies focusing on the prediction of EB-SU at ages 12-18 were selected through a literature search. Results showed that certain temperament traits (high levels of impulsivity and disinhibition; low levels of effortful control, negative affect, fearfulness and shyness), hereby designated as "adventurous" disposition, were associated with higher levels of EB-SU in adverse family environments. Some studies also showed that children with "adventurous" temperament traits in positive environments had the lowest levels of EB-SU. This suggests that prevention of EB-SU might target family factors such as parenting and focus on children with "adventurous" temperament traits. Further, studies that supported the differential susceptibility model were those assessing temperament and the family environment in childhood and studies that supported the diathesis-stress model assessed these variables in adolescence. It is thus possible that some of these "adventurous" temperament traits, with regard to EB-SU, would be indicators of susceptibility to both enriched and adverse environments in childhood but no CIHR Author ManuscriptCIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript longer in adolescence, when they would only be indicators of vulnerability to adverse environments. KeywordsDiathesis-stress; Differential susceptibility; Temperament; Family; Externalizing; Moderation Adolescent substance use has several adverse short-and long-term consequences, including addiction, poor academic achievement, sleep disturbances, depression, suicidal behavior, injuries, overdoses, car accidents, teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and liver disease (Newbury-Birch et al., 2009;Single, Rehm, Robson, & Van Truong, 2000;Stolle, Sack, & Thomasius, 2009). Correlates of substance use in adolescence include both individual and environmental characteristics (Chartier, Hesselbrock, & Hesselbrock, 2010;Patrick & Schulenberg, 2013). While internalizing problems are more strongly associated with substance use in adulthood (Chan, Dennis, & Funk, 2008;Grant et al., 2004;King, Iacono, & McGue, 2004), a history of externalizing behaviors beginning in early childhood is more likely to be observed in adolescents using substances (Chan et al., 2008;Jester et al., 2008;Pingault et al., 2013;Zucker, Heitzeg, & Nigg, 2011). Furthermore,...

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Five-factor model and internalizing and externalizing syndromes: A 5-year prospective study

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders

Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders

Strong Homotypic Continuity in Common Psychopathology-, Internalizing-, and Externalizing-Specific Factors Over Time in Adolescents

The interaction between temperament and the family environment in adolescent substance use and externalizing behaviors: Support for diathesis–stress or differential susceptibility?

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