Five cases of new‐onset pemphigus following vaccinations against coronavirus disease 2019

Abstract

Pemphigus is a group of blistering disorders characterized by the formation of intraepithelial blisters in skin and mucous membranes induced by the binding of circulating autoantibodies to intercellular adhesion molecules. The pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood; however, genetic predisposition and various triggers are widely accepted as key factors in pemphigus development. A few cases of new‐onset pemphigus following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination have already been published. The present paper reports a total of two cases of pemphigus foliaceous and three cases of pemphigus vulgaris that occurred following vaccinations against COVID‐19, with anamnestic, clinical, and diagnostic data collection suggesting assumptions over a possible causal correlation.

Cutaneous Reactions Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Review of the Current Literature

“…[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119] The largest study on 77 patients developing alopecia areata (39) or a worsening of the disease (38) has been reported by Nguyen et al Unfortunately, it is not possible to correlate alopecia areata development and the type of vaccine. 120 Regarding bullous disorders, a total of 26 cased of pemphigus vulgaris have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination, [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135] with several implications in treatment and management. 136 Moreover, 40 cases of pemphigoids have been described.…”

“… BNT162b2: 71 mRNA-1273: 12 AZD1222: 15 Ad26.COV2: 0 Alopecia areata 24 Scollan et al 109 (9), Babadjouni et al 110 (3), Rossi et al 111 (3), Chen et al 112 (2), Abdalla et al 113 (1), Gamonal et al 114 (1), Ho et al 115 (1), Su et al 116 (1), Gallo et al 117 (1), May Lee et al 118 (1), Essam et al 119 (1). BNT162b2: 14 mRNA-1273: 4 AZD1222: 6 Ad26.COV2: 0 Pemphigus vulgaris 26 Martora et al 121 (7), Zou et al 122 (3), Gui et al 123 (2), Rouatbi et al 124 (2), Aryanian et al 125 (1), Koutlas et al 126 (1), Knechtl et al 127 (1), Ong et al 128 (1), Yıldırıcı et al 129 (1), Singh et al 130 (1), Norimatsu et al 131 (1), Agharbi et al 132 (1), Almasi-Nasrabadi et al 133 (1), Corrá et al 134 (1), Solimani et al 135 (1). BNT162b2: 15 mRNA-1273: 6 AZD1222: 5 Ad26.COV2: 0 Pemphigoids 40 Maronese et al 137 (21), Maronese et al 138 (3), Hali et al 139 (3), Gambichler et al 140 (2), Shanshal et al 141 (1), Desai et al 142 (1), Fu et al 143 (1), Alshammari et al 144 (1), Hung et al 145 (1), Pauluzzi et al 146 (1), Dell’Antonia...…”

Classification and Antigen Molecules of Autoimmune Bullous Diseases

“…Recently, some studies reported the occurrence of AIBDs after the administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]; however, currently there are not yet enough data to confirm the correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and increased risk of AIBDs [ 73 ].…”

An Overview of Clinical Manifestations of Dermatological Disorders in Intensive Care Units: What Should Intensivists Be Aware of?

“…It is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system incorrectly recognizes skin proteins as foreign and thus produces antibodies to attack the foreign protein [ 15 , 16 ]. Trigger factors include medications [ 17 ] such as antibiotics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, salicylates, and interleukins, vaccines such as influenza [ 18 , 19 ], swine flu [ 20 ], tetanus toxoid [ 21 ], and COVID-19 vaccines [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], viral infections such as herpes simplex [ 25 ], hepatitis B and C [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori [ 29 ], parasitic infections such as Toxoplasma gondii [ 30 , 31 ], and following organ transplantation [ 32 , 33 ]. Physical factors such as trauma, surgical interventions, thermal or electric burns, ultraviolet exposure, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy can also cause PV [ 34 ].…”