Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Longitudinal and Genetic Analyses in the UK Biobank Study

Tikkanen, Emmi; Gustafsson, Stefan; Ingelsson, Erik

doi:10.1101/136192

Cited by 42 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There has been limited work on PA and prevention of peripheral vascular diseases, particularly in general population cohorts, although existing data from patient samples are consistent with our findings [ 9 ]. Findings on PA and arrhythmias has been mixed; recent studies have shown associations between PA and physical fitness with reduced risk of atrial fibrillation [ 10 , 11 ] although others have suggested a non-linear pattern of results [ 12 , 13 ]. Our data showed an inverse association between PA and risk of stroke although we were unable to further sub-type cerebrovascular events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings on coronary heart disease suggested a plateau in risk reduction at higher levels of PA. Nevertheless, recent work [ 11 ] comparing associations of self-reported and objective PA on CVD risk observed curvilinear and linear curves, respectively, suggesting that reporting bias might possibility explain increased risk in participants that mis-report very high PA levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between physical activity and sub-types of cardiovascular disease death causes in a general population cohort

2018

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Physical activity is thought to be cardioprotective, but associations with different subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are poorly understood. We examined associations between physical activity and seven major CVD death causes. The sample comprised 65,093 adults (aged 58 ± 12 years, 45.4% men) followed up over mean [SD] 9.4 ± 4.5 years, recruited from The Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Surveys. A CVD diagnosis was reported in 9.2% of the sample at baseline. Physical activity was self-reported. Outcomes were subtypes of CVD death; acute myocardial infarction; chronic ischaemic heart disease; pulmonary heart disease; a composite of cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death; heart failure; cerebrovascular; composite of aortic aneurysm and other peripheral vascular diseases. There were 3050 CVD deaths (30.8% of all deaths). In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders, physical activity was associated with reduced relative risk of all CVD outcomes; compared with the lowest, the highest physical activity quintile was associated with reduced risk of acute myocardial infarction (Hazard ratio 0.66: 95% CI 0.50, 0.89), chronic ischaemic heart disease (0.49: 0.38, 0.64), pulmonary heart disease (0.48: 0.22, 1.07), arrhythmias (0.18: 0.04, 0.76); heart failure (0.35: 0.20, 0.63), cerebrovascular events (0.53: 0.38, 0.75); aneurysm and peripheral vascular diseases (0.54: 0.34, 0.93). Results were largely consistent across participants with and without existing CVD at baseline. Physical activity was associated with reduced risk of seven major CVD death causes. Protective benefits were apparent even at levels of activity below the current recommendations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-018-0460-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between physical activity and sub-types of cardiovascular disease death causes in a general population cohort

2018

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“…To help direct specific interventions for HF, a clear understanding of modifiable risk factors is important. It has been shown, for example, that hypertension, smoking, obesity, grip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity levels, alcohol intake and diet quality are associated with HF incidence 7–9. However, whether these risk factors differ by sex has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the association of risk factors for heart failure incidence and mortality

Pell

Gill

et al. 2019

Heart

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BackgroundThere are known risk factors associated with the development of heart failure (HF), but it is not fully understood whether these differ by sex.ObjectivesTo investigate sex differences in risk factors for HF incidence and mortality.Methods468 941 participants (55.9% women, age range 37–73 years) were included. Established CVD risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes type 1 and 2, adiposity, smoking, physical activity and poor diet) and novel risk factors (grip strength, fitness, TV viewing and sleep duration) were the exposures of interest. HF incidence and mortality were the outcomes.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 9.0 years, 1812 participants developed HF and 763 died due to HF. Women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, low levels of physical activity and fitness, low strength, high levels of TV viewing, sleep duration <7 hours/day, smokers; those who were underweight and who were obese, had high body surface area and those who drink >14 units of alcohol were at higher risk of HF incidence. However, in women T2DM, hypercholesterolaemia, >3 hours/day of TV and sleep <7 hours/day, low level of physical activity and high level of TV viewing were more strongly associated with HF incidence compared with men.ConclusionSeveral modifiable risk factors (in particular diabetes) appear more strongly associated with HF in women compared with men. The relevance of these findings to HF characteristics and future outcomes needs to be established.

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“…5, Supplementary Table 3e). Hand grip strength, a protective factor for cardiovascular casualty 40 , negatively associated with E. coli (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A multi-omic cohort as a reference point for promoting a healthy human gut microbiome

Jie

Liang

Ding

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1 More than a decade of gut microbiome studies have a common goal for human 2 health. As most of the disease studies sample the elderly or the middle-aged, a 3 reference cohort for young individuals has been lacking. It is also not clear what 4 other omics data need to be measured to better understand the gut microbiome.5 Here we present high-depth metagenomic shotgun sequencing data for the fecal 6 microbiome together with other omics data in a cohort of 2,183 adults, and observe 7 a number of vitamins, hormones, amino acids and trace elements to correlate with 8 the gut microbiome and cluster with T cell receptors. Associations with physical 9 fitness, sleeping habits and dairy consumption are identified in this large multi-omic 1 0 cohort. Many of the associations are validated in an additional cohort of 1,404 1 1 individuals. Our comprehensive data are poised to advise future study designs to 1 2 better understand and manage our gut microbiome both in population and in 1 3 mechanistic investigations.

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Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Longitudinal and Genetic Analyses in the UK Biobank Study

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Association between physical activity and sub-types of cardiovascular disease death causes in a general population cohort

Association between physical activity and sub-types of cardiovascular disease death causes in a general population cohort

Sex differences in the association of risk factors for heart failure incidence and mortality

A multi-omic cohort as a reference point for promoting a healthy human gut microbiome

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