Fitness levels and physical activity among class A drug users entering prison

Fischer, Jan; Butt, Christine; Dawes, Helen; Foster, Charlie; Neale, Joanne; Plugge, Emma; Wheeler, Carly; Wright, Nat

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090724

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Despite this consensus, people with harmful substance use issues typically report far lower rates of exercise than the general population [8]. This is true for out-of-treatment users, inpatients [16,17], and outpatients [16], with mixed evidence from inmates [18,19]. Substance use disorders are the most common mental disorders among inmates, with pooled estimates of a 51% prevalence of drug use disorders worldwide, and a 24% prevalence of alcohol use disorder [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have examined inmates’ capacities to adopt exercise without interventions. Substance users in the UK reported reductions in physical activity during the first week of incarceration [19], while cross-sectional studies from Italy and Nigeria found both positive and negative relationships, respectively, between exercise frequency and length of incarceration [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

Muller

Havnes

Rognli

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Exercise is increasingly understood as an important resource for people who engage in harmful substance use, including those in prison. Little is known about how inmates adopt various health behaviors during incarceration, without interventions. This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reports from 1464 inmates in Norwegian prisons in 2013–2014, compared them according to harmful substance use pre-incarceration, and explored changes in exercise and nicotine use during incarceration. Results were presented in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Inmates with harmful substance use reported higher rates of smoking, smokeless tobacco, and physical inactivity pre-incarceration than inmates without harmful use. However, inmates with harmful use also exhibited more behavioral changes: they adopted exercise, ceased smoking, and adopted smokeless tobacco at higher rates during incarceration than the non-harmful group, to the extent that inmates with harmful use exercised during incarceration more. Exercise is being taken up by a significant proportion of inmates, and may in particular be a replacement behavior for substance use. However, unhealthy behaviors also begin or are maintained. If prisons were used as an arena to facilitate healthy behaviors, the public health benefits to a marginalized group such as substance-using inmates could be substantial.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

Muller

Havnes

Rognli

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…The majority of participants reported a reduction in physical activity levels on reception into prison and such findings concur with a study of UK drug-using prisoners in which aerobic physical activity reduced by a factor of >2.5 following reception into prison. 28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prison primary care and non-communicable diseases: a data-linkage survey of prevalence and associated risk factors

2019

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BackgroundThe size and mean age of the prison population has increased rapidly in recent years. Prisoners are a vulnerable group who, compared with the general population, experience poorer health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research quantifying the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among prisoner populations.AimTo explore both the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors.Design & settingA cross-sectional survey was undertaken that was compared with clinical records in two male prisons in the north of England.MethodSelf-report surveys were completed by 199 prisoners to assess sociodemographic characteristics, general health, NCD prevalence, and risk factor prevalence. Data were checked against that retrieved from prison clinical records.ResultsIt was found that 46% reported at least one NCD and 26% reported at least one physical health NCD. The most common self-reported NCD was 'anxiety and depression' (34%), followed by 'respiratory disease' (17%), and 'hypertension' (10%). Having a physical health NCD was independently associated with increasing age or drug dependence.The level of agreement between clinical records and self-report ranged from 'fair' for alcohol dependence (kappa 0.38; P<0.001) to 'very good' for diabetes (kappa 0.86; P<0.001).ConclusionCompared with mainstream populations and despite high prevalence of risk factors for NCDs physical illness NCDs, with the exception of respiratory disease, are less common. However, poor mental health is more common. These differences are possibly owing to the younger average age of prison populations, since prevalence of risk factors was reported as high.Secondary data analysis of clinical records is a more methodologically robust way of monitoring trends in prisoner population disease prevalence.

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“…Different <<previous research has suggested that physical activity levels change when users enter prison>> (Fischer, 2012). <<The present investigation was contacted to identify the attitudes of Greek prisoners regarding to physical activities and sports and to compare these with age, educational level, prison type, terms of geographical stratification the prisoners who were residents of towns showed negative attitudes in factor PA2 and e) the relationship of prisoners with the sport, showed that participants who declared athletes had positive attitudes in factors PA1.…”

Section: Fig 5 Differences Across Previous Involvement Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2014

JPES

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Abstract:The purpose of the present quantitative study was to determine the attitudes of Greek prisoners regarding physical activities & sports. Three hundred and eight inmates voluntary participated in the trial and answered in a valid and reliable instrument. <> (Konstantinakos, Skordilis, Tripolitsioti, & Papadopoulos, 2010). Further analysis by MANOVA in which the three factors compared with age, educational level, geographic stratification, type of prison and previous relationship with the sport, revealed the following: a) the older prisoners showed negative attitudes to each of the three factors separately, b) the attitudes of prisoners who were graduates of primary school were more negative than the graduates of high school and university, c) prisoners in open-air prison, had more negatives attitudes than by prisoners in closed prisons and according to factor two, the prisoners in open prisons showed positive attitudes compared to those participants in closed prisons, d) in terms of geographical stratification it was observed statistically significant differences only for the second factor, while there was no differences in the two other factors, e) the relationship of prisoners with the sport, showed that participants who declared athletes had positive attitudes than of the participants declared supporters, fans or anything from them.

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Fitness levels and physical activity among class A drug users entering prison

Abstract: Many class A drug users entering prison had high levels of fitness and physical activity before admission, often gained from walking. Walking activity reduced when they entered prison, posing a challenge to maintaining healthy activity levels.

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

Prison primary care and non-communicable diseases: a data-linkage survey of prevalence and associated risk factors

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