Fitness costs of induced resistance: emerging experimental support for a slippery concept

Heil, Martin; Baldwin, Ian Thomas

doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02186-0

Cited by 517 publications

(433 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…For instance, overexpression of AtWRKY6, AtWRKY18, AtWRKY53 or AtWRKY70 always resulted in small stunted transgenic plants [50,54,76]. Our OsWRKY03-overexpressing transgenic rice showed more serious phenotype with stunted growth, loss of apical dominance, curly leaves, and finally died after transferred to greenhouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

et al. 2005

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WRKY family proteins are a class of plant specific transcription factors that involve in many stress response pathways. It has been shown that one Arabidopsis WRKY protein, AtWRKY29/22, is activated by MAP kinase signaling cascade and confers resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, little is known about the biological roles of WRKY proteins in rice. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of rice AtWRKY29/22 homolog, OsWRKY03, under different conditions, and also its possible role involved in plant defense. Our results showed that OsWRKY03 was up-regulated by several defense signaling molecules or different treatments. Further analysis revealed that the expression of OsWRKY03 was light dependent. Transcriptional activation activity of OsWRKY03 was also demonstrated by yeast functional assay. Transient expression of OsWRKY03-GFP fusion protein in onion epidermis cells showed that OsWRKY03 was a nuclear localized protein. OsNPR1 as well as several other pathogenesis-related genes, such as OsPR1b, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ZB8) and peroxidase (POX22.3), were induced in OsWRKY03-overexpressing transgenic plants. These results indicated that OsWRKY03 is located upstream of OsNPR1 as a transcriptional activator in salicylic acid (SA)-dependent or jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense signaling cascades.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

et al. 2005

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“…Another possibility is that T. gamsii F18 may be able to intensify the plant's immune reactions by reducing the sugar pools in favour of defence. Plant defence responses require the primary metabolites to support cellular energy and impose a fitness cost (Heil and Baldwin, 2002; Kangasjarvi et al ., 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma gamsii affected herbivore feeding behaviour on Arabidopsis thaliana by modifying the leaf metabolome and phytohormones

Zhou

Huang

Guo

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryPlants can re‐programme their transcriptome, proteome and metabolome to deal with environmental and biotic stress. It has been shown that the rhizosphere microbiome has influence on the plant metabolome and on herbivore behaviour. In the present study, Trichoderma gamsii was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana rhizosphere soil. The inoculation of roots of Arabidopsis thaliana with T. gamsii significantly inhibited the feeding behaviour of Trichoplusia ni and affected the metabolome as well as the content of phytohormones in Arabidopsis leaves. T. gamsii‐treated plant leaves had higher levels of amino acids and lower concentrations of sugars. In addition, T. gamsii‐treated plant leaves had more abscisic acid (ABA) and lower levels of salicylic acid (SA) and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in comparison with the untreated plants. Furthermore, the inoculation with T. gamsii on different signalling mutants showed that the induction of defences were SA‐dependent. These findings indicate that T. gamsii has potential as a new type of biocontrol agent to promote plant repellence to insect attacks.

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“…Reduction in biomass production in response to root endophytic colonization can be seen as weak parasitism (Mandyam, Roe, & Jumpponen, 2013), or as induction of host resistance resulting in the allocation of carbon to the production of expensive defense compounds rather than to vegetative growth (Aimé, Alabouvette, Steinberg, & Olivain, 2013; Heil & Baldwin, 2002). Positive effects could be due to production of plant growth hormones (Schulz & Boyle, 2005), or transport of nutrients to the host as a result of mineralization of organic matter (given the saprotrophic capabilities of these fungi) (Newsham, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different root endophytic fungi on plant community structure in experimental microcosms

Aguilar‐Trigueros

Rillig

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding the effects of root‐associated microbes in explaining plant community patterns represents a challenge in community ecology. Although typically overlooked, several lines of evidence point out that nonmycorrhizal, root endophytic fungi in the Ascomycota may have the potential to drive changes in plant community ecology given their ubiquitous presence, wide host ranges, and plant species‐specific fitness effects. Thus, we experimentally manipulated the presence of root endophytic fungal species in microcosms and measured its effects on plant communities. Specifically, we tested whether (1) three different root endophyte species can modify plant community structure; (2) those changes can also modified the way plant respond to different soil types; and (3) the effects are modified when all the fungi are present. As a model system, we used plant and fungal species that naturally co‐occur in a temperate grassland. Further, the soil types used in our experiment reflected a strong gradient in soil texture that has been shown to drive changes in plant and fungal community structure in the field. Results showed that each plant species responded differently to infection, resulting in distinct patterns of plant community structure depending on the identity of the fungus present. Those effects depended on the soil type. For example, large positive effects due to presence of the fungi were able to compensate for less nutrients levels in one soil type. Further, host responses when all three fungi were present were different from the ones observed in single fungal inoculations, suggesting that endophyte–endophyte interactions may be important in structuring plant communities. Overall, these results indicate that plant responses to changes in the species identity of nonmycorrhizal fungal community species and their interactions can modify plant community structure.

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Fitness costs of induced resistance: emerging experimental support for a slippery concept

Cited by 517 publications

References 68 publications

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

Trichoderma gamsii affected herbivore feeding behaviour on Arabidopsis thaliana by modifying the leaf metabolome and phytohormones

Effect of different root endophytic fungi on plant community structure in experimental microcosms

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