“…In most cases fludioxonil resistance due to mutations in the HHK gene seems to induce a strong fitness penalty; e.g ., extremely reduced sporulation, osmosensitivity, loss of pathogenicity, etc. (Ziogas et al, 2005; Viaud et al, 2006; Ajouz et al, 2011; Malandrakis et al, 2015), definitely counter-selecting fludioxonil resistance. In the case of A. brassicicola , the absence of evident developmental defects in some fludioxonil resistant field isolates (Iacomi-Vasilescu et al, 2004), might be due to compensatory mutations in a given genetic background.…”