Fit to Burst: Toward Noninvasive Estimation of Achilles Tendon Load Using Burst Vibrations

Bolus, Nicholas B.; Jeong, Hyeon; Blaho, Bradley M.; Safaei, Mohsen; Young, Aaron; Inan, Omer T.

doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.3005353

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…33 Vibrational behaviour A proof-of-concept study was identified with a novel technique for evaluating tendon force during walking, running and unilateral and bilateral heel raising. 113 Tendon loads were measured using a vibration motor and an accelerometer placed 2 cm apart from each other on the skin superior to the Achilles tendon. The systems consist of exciting a vibration motor and collecting the signals influenced by the tendon force in the accelerometer.…”

Section: Stretchable Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…113 It is suggested that a tendon on which low force is applied responds to vibration with a steeper rising and falling edge, attributable to faster energy absorption and dissipation. 113 However, a tendon on which high force is applied responds with a progressive rising and falling edge, attributable to slower energy absorption and dissipation. 113 Another novel non-invasive approach is being developed for in vivo evaluation by tracking vibrational behaviour.…”

Section: Stretchable Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…113 However, a tendon on which high force is applied responds with a progressive rising and falling edge, attributable to slower energy absorption and dissipation. 113 Another novel non-invasive approach is being developed for in vivo evaluation by tracking vibrational behaviour. 114 In this case, the direct relationship between axial stress and the speed of shear wave propagation is exploited through tensiometers consisting of a piezo-actuated tapper and two skin-mounted miniature accelerometers.…”

Section: Stretchable Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modelling and in vivo evaluation of tendon forces and strain in dynamic rehabilitation exercises: a scoping review

2022

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ObjectivesAlthough exercise is considered the preferred approach for tendinopathies, the actual load that acts on the tendon in loading programmes is usually unknown. The objective of this study was to review the techniques that have been applied in vivo to estimate the forces and strain that act on the human tendon in dynamic exercises used during rehabilitation.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesEmbase, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched from database inception to February 2021.Eligibility criteriaCross-sectional studies available in English or Spanish language were included if they focused on evaluating the forces or strain of human tendons in vivo during dynamic exercises. Studies were excluded if they did not evaluate tendon forces or strain; if they evaluated running, walking, jumping, landing or no dynamic exercise at all; and if they were conference proceedings or book chapters.Data extraction and synthesisData extracted included year of publication, study setting, study population characteristics, technique used and exercises evaluated. The studies were grouped by the types of techniques and the tendon location.ResultsTwenty-one studies were included. Fourteen studies used an indirect methodology based on inverse dynamics, nine of them in the Achilles and five in the patellar tendon. Six studies implemented force transducers for measuring tendon forces in open carpal tunnel release surgery patients. One study applied an optic fibre technique to detect forces in the patellar tendon. Four studies measured strain using ultrasound-based techniques.ConclusionsThere is a predominant use of inverse dynamics, but force transducers, optic fibre and estimations from strain data are also used. Although these tools may be used to make general estimates of tendon forces and strains, the invasiveness of some methods and the loss of immediacy of others make it difficult to provide immediate feedback to the individuals.

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Section: Stretchable Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stretchable Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stretchable Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling and in vivo evaluation of tendon forces and strain in dynamic rehabilitation exercises: a scoping review

2022

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“…Real-world movement involves activities and terrains that cannot practically be reproduced in a laboratory but are as important as steady-state locomotion to everyday mobility and performance. To address this need, one recent effort introduced a wearable system that estimates tendon tension using waveform analysis of short bursts of tendon vibrations [ 44 ]. However, the system has a low sample rate (5 Hz) and requires extensive training data inside a laboratory, reducing its applicability for tracking transient or unique movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Tendon Kinetics

Harper

Roembke

Zunker

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This study introduces a noninvasive wearable system for investigating tendon loading patterns during outdoor locomotion on variable terrain. The system leverages shear wave tensiometry, which is a new approach for assessing tendon load by tracking wave speed within the tissue. Our wearable tensiometry system uses a battery-operated piezoelectric actuator to induce micron-scale shear waves in a tendon. A data logger monitors wave propagation by recording from two miniature accelerometers mounted on the skin above the tendon. Wave speed is determined from the wave travel time between accelerometers. The wearable system was used to record Achilles tendon wave speed at 100 Hz during 1-km outdoor walking trials in nine young adults. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) simultaneously monitored participant position, walking speed, and ground incline. An analysis of 5108 walking strides revealed the coupled biomechanical effects of terrain slope and walking speed on tendon loading. Uphill slopes increased the tendon wave speed during push-off, whereas downhill slopes increased tendon wave speeds during early stance braking. Walking speed significantly modulated peak tendon wave speed on uphill slopes but had less influence on downhill slopes. Walking speed consistently induced greater early stance wave speeds for all slopes. These observations demonstrate that wearable shear wave tensiometry holds promise for evaluating tendon tissue kinetics in natural environments and uncontrolled movements. There are numerous practical applications of wearable tensiometry spanning orthopedics, athletics, rehabilitation, and ergonomics.

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“…The integrated sensor suit overcomes this properly, however, owing to the multijoint linkages; it can only give a synergetic motion result rather than that from a specific moving part [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Nowadays, the vibration property of the tendon has been detected and used as an evaluation parameter, which improves the accuracy of epidermal monitoring, but rigid vibration generators and accelerometers greatly reduce the wearability and comfort [15][16][17]. Epidemical wearable sensors offer a more promising approach due to their light weight, low cost, flexibility, and stretchability [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active-Sensing Epidermal Stretchable Bioelectronic Patch for Noninvasive, Conformal, and Wireless Tendon Monitoring

Shu

Chen

et al. 2021

Research

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Sensors capable of monitoring dynamic mechanics of tendons throughout a body in real time could bring systematic information about a human body’s physical condition, which is beneficial for avoiding muscle injury, checking hereditary muscle atrophy, and so on. However, the development of such sensors has been hindered by the requirement of superior portability, high resolution, and superb conformability. Here, we present a wearable and stretchable bioelectronic patch for detecting tendon activities. It is made up of a piezoelectric material, systematically optimized from architectures and mechanics, and exhibits a high resolution of 5.8×10−5 N with a linearity parameter of R2=0.999. Additionally, a tendon real-time monitoring and healthcare system is established by integrating the patch with a micro controller unit (MCU), which is able to process collected data and deliver feedback for exercise evaluation. Specifically, through the patch on the ankle, we measured the maximum force on the Achilles tendon during jumping which is about 16312 N, which is much higher than that during normal walking (3208 N) and running (5909 N). This work not only provides a strategy for facile monitoring of the variation of the tendon throughout the body but also throws light on the profound comprehension of human activities.

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Fit to Burst: Toward Noninvasive Estimation of Achilles Tendon Load Using Burst Vibrations

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Modelling and in vivo evaluation of tendon forces and strain in dynamic rehabilitation exercises: a scoping review

Modelling and in vivo evaluation of tendon forces and strain in dynamic rehabilitation exercises: a scoping review

Wearable Tendon Kinetics

Active-Sensing Epidermal Stretchable Bioelectronic Patch for Noninvasive, Conformal, and Wireless Tendon Monitoring

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