The high incidence of POPF was accompanied by a shift from operative to non-operative management. However, the current management strategy is driven by the patient's condition and local expertise and is generally based on poor evidence. A randomized trial showed that enteral nutrition is superior to total parenteral nutrition, and pooled data of randomized trials failed to show any advantage of somatostatin analogs for accelerating fistula closure. The choice of percutaneous versus endoscopic drainage of peripancreatic collections remains arbitrary, and-when re-operation is needed-there are very few comparative data regarding local drainage with or without main pancreatic stenting as opposed to anastomotic revision or salvage re-anastomosis. The continuous development of specialist, high-volume units with appropriate resources and multidisciplinary experience in complication management might further improve the evidence and the outcomes.