Fission of Bi, Pb and Au induced by 0.65, 1.74 and 4.12 GeV alpha particles

Cross sections for interactions of 8.8 GeVα particles with Ag, Au, Bi and Th

“…It can be noticed that for particles the ratio is approximately 4-5 times greater than for protons. Let us mention that our results are, within the experimental errors, close to those obtained with the same technique at lower incident energies of e particles [3,7], confirming the observation that binary cross sections do not change significantly for projectile energies greater than 1 GeV [2,3].…”

Product yields for the photo-fission of 209Bi with 2.5 GeV bremsstrahlung

“…These phenomena are due to the increase of multi-nucleon emission and multi-chance fission probability with an increase of excitation energy. However, the bremsstrahlung energy dependency of the FWHM and the average mass of the mass-yield distribution is different from those of particle-induced fission [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. This is most probably due to the fact that the fission product yields in charged particle-induced fission were also affected by an input angular momentum of the excitation energy.…”

“…Furthermore, the mass-yield distribution of particle-induced fission of actinides becomes symmetric [1][2][3] at higher excitation energy. It is well known that the mass-yield distribution in the charged particle-induced fission of pre-actinides [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] such as Ra is asymmetric with three humps [19], whereas that for Bi, Pb, and Au, becomes symmetric. Even the mass-yield distribution of Au, Pb, and Bi in the bremsstrahlung-induced fission is symmetric [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

“…This indicates that the mass-yield distributions for both charged particle-and bremsstrahlung-induced fission of Au, Pb, and Bi are symmetric. It has been also observed that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the mass-yield distribution in the charged particle-induced fission of 209 Bi [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] increases from 17 mass units for [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] MeV deuteron-induced fission [25] to 24 mass units for the [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] MeV helium-induced fission [19][20][21]. The FWHM of the mass-yield...…”