Fishing Methods

Gabriel, Otto; Wendt, Thomas

doi:10.1002/9780470995389.ch5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…CKS catalyzes the activation of Kdo according to: CTP + Kdo M-~g~+CMP-Kdo + PPi, whereas Kdo transferase participates in the synthesis of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide. Kdo and sialic acid are unique in as far as they are activated by coupling to monophospho-rather than to the usual diphosphonucleosides [9].…”

Section: Introduction 2 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three‐dimensional structure of capsule‐specific CMP: 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐manno‐octonic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli

1996

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CMP-Kdo synthetases from Gram-negative bacteria activate Kdo for incorporation into lipo-and capsule-polysaccharities. Here we report the crystal structure of the capsulespecific synthetase from E. coli at 2.3 A resolution. The enzyme is a dimer of 2 x 245 amino acid residues assuming C2 symmetry. It contains a central predominantly parallel [~-sheet with surrounding helices. The chain fold is novel; it is remotely related to a double Rossmaun fold. A large pocket at the carboxyl terminal ends of the central ~-strands most likely accommodates the catalytic center. A putative phosphate binding site at the loop between the first ~strand and the following helix is indicated by a bound iridium hexachloride anion.Key words: Capsular polysaccharide; CMP-Kdo synthetase (Escherichia coli); X-ray analysis; Crystal structure; Saccharide activation which 44% are identical with L-CKS. The kinetic data of the two isozymes differ distinctly [16].The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains and the fact that Kdo is absent from mammalian cells [17] make K-CKS an attractive target molecule for drug design as an anti-infective measure. Cloning of the kpsU gene from the K5 antigen gene cluster [16] permitted structural analysis of this enzyme. Here, we describe the overexpression, purification, crystallization and X-ray structure determination of K-CKS. To our knowledge this is the first actually presented structure of a sugar-activating enzyme. A short note announcing an L-CKS crystal structure has been given earlier [18]. The AMP-transferring enzyme kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase [19] and the sugar phosphate-transferring enzyme galactose-l-phosphate uridylyltransferase [20] use similar substrates, but they do not activate sugars and they differ structurally from K-CKS.

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Section: Introduction 2 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three‐dimensional structure of capsule‐specific CMP: 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐manno‐octonic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli

1996

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“…Eel fishing has been practised for millennia. Archaeological remains (Kettle, Heinrich, Barrett, Benecke & Locker, 2008), historical artefacts (Gabriel & Wendt, 2003) and oral and written records (Koch, 1925;Noël, 1815;Radcliffe, 1921;Yarrell, 1836) sketch the picture of a widespread but small-scale fishery, using many different fishing gears, supplying local markets and some long-distance trade (Van Dam, 1998;Ypma, 1962). How that small-scale fishery eventually developed into the well-known and flourishing commercial eel fisheries of the mid-1900s is usually not exactly put in words.…”

Section: The Old and A Ne W Par Ad I G M On The De Velopment Of Eelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of commercial fisheries for European eel commenced only a century ago

Dekker

2018

Fisheries Management Eco

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The stock of the European eel is in decline throughout its distribution area—for decades, if not for centuries. Its population dynamics are not well understood. The extremely scattered occurrence, as well as the general lack of quantified information before 1950, prevents a straightforward analysis. This article discusses the history of eel fisheries across Europe, reviewing the literature published before 1940. A follow‐up study is advocated, to unearth primary information in archives across Europe. In the late 1800s, development programmes were initiated in central Europe, complementing the widespread subsistence fisheries with “modern” commercial exploitation of new areas, new markets and new products. In the early 1900s, increasing fisheries and trade were reported throughout northern Europe, and new developments started in the south. This lasted until about 1950—when the current multidecadal decline set in. The eel fisheries have never experienced a period of stable, sustainable exploitation. The decline in the stock is probably not a simple case of overfishing, but a continent‐wide serial depletion of local resources—eventually depleting the whole stock—in times of growing non‐fisheries impacts. Consequences for the European eel protection programme and for the derivation of restoration targets are discussed.

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“…The European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) is a catadromous species that inhabits the Eastern Atlantic, from the Scandinavian peninsula to Morocco, including the Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Black Seas with the connected freshwater bodies [1,2]. Small-scale fisheries for eel throughout its distribution area have been developed for millennia [3,4] and rapidly expanded in the mid-1900s [5]. Due to very low genetic diversity, the entire population is considered a single stock [6] which makes the monitoring and establishment of mitigation measures for the scattered substocks even more challenging [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Morphology as an Indicator of European Eel Population Status

Barić,

Radočaj,

Conides

et al. 2023

Diversity

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In the area of the Neretva delta in the eastern Adriatic, where the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) has been traditionally fished for centuries, a decline in its population has been observed, as in most of Europe. Despite several studies, systematic monitoring was not performed, and the causes of population decline are attributed to anthropogenic stressors, mainly overfishing and interventions that disrupt the migration. With the stock at a low level, there is a need for a detailed assessment of biological data and the determination of the “zero state” of the eel population in the areas where monitoring was not previously performed, such as the Neretva delta. This data would serve as a basis for the development of an appropriate monitoring and eel management plan. One of the under-researched aspects is still the eel’s morphology, which is closely related to all basic life functions. The aim of this work was to analyze in detail the morphological parameters of yellow and silver eels from the mouth of the Neretva River in different seasons and the relationships between the measured morphometric parameters and physiological indicators and to compare them with previously published results for different life stages across Europe. The samples were collected during spring, summer and autumn of 2021, and winter of 2022. Yellow eels were present in the catch throughout the sampling period, while silver eels were caught in the autumn and winter. Yellow and silver eels were significantly different regarding 22 morphometric measures that were analyzed. Isometric growth was recorded for yellow eels in the spring and autumn of 2021, and positive allometric growth was recorded for yellow eels in the summer and silver eels in the autumn of 2021 and winter of 2022. PCA showed that the main factor that separates the eels grouped by life stage in different seasons is the intestine length (IL), whereas the rest of the factors (weight—W; intestine weight—IW; liver weight—LW; and total length—TL) affect the groupings almost equally. Seasonal averages of the condition factor (CF) for yellow and silver eels did not differ statistically. Three indicators were used to describe intestine morphology: relative gut weight (RGW), relative gut length (RGL), and Zihler’s index (ZHI); and the only statistically significant difference between yellow and silver eels was recorded for the RGW. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) was significantly different between silver eels in winter and yellow eels in spring. In addition to supplementing the already known facts, this paper provides new information on the functional morphology of the European eel. Monitoring of these characteristics is crucial for management of the European eel fisheries as they are directly related to functional performance and affect the ability to maintain sustainable populations in anthropogenically altered environments.

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Fishing Methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The three‐dimensional structure of capsule‐specific CMP: 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐manno‐octonic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli

The three‐dimensional structure of capsule‐specific CMP: 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐manno‐octonic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli

The history of commercial fisheries for European eel commenced only a century ago

Functional Morphology as an Indicator of European Eel Population Status

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