Fishes and Connectivity of Red Sea Coral Reefs

Berumen, Michael L.; Roberts, May B.; Sinclair‐Taylor, Tane H.; DiBattista, Joseph D.; Saenz‐Agudelo, Pablo; Isari, Stamatina; He, Song; Khalil, Maha T.; Hardenstine, Royale S.; Tietbohl, Matthew D.; Priest, Mark A.; Kattan, Alexander; Coker, Darren J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05802-9_8

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Our results, although somewhat intermediate, are more similar to the patterns found for fish, suggesting the evolutionary history of RSGA fauna may be rather complicated and species-specific as suggested by DiBattista et al (2013) and DiBattista et al (2016a). Berumen et al (2019) suggest that further work, comprising a variety of marine taxa and coupled with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies may reveal the evolutionary histories of Red Sea fauna.…”

Section: Genetic Population Structure and Connectivitysupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Most populations of T. maxima in the Red Sea are significantly genetically differentiated from Djibouti, except for two sites. Previous studies found that several species of fish show different genetic structure between populations in Djibouti and populations in the central or southern Red Sea while such genetic differentiation is absent in anemones (see Berumen et al, 2019 and references therein). Our results, although somewhat intermediate, are more similar to the patterns found for fish, suggesting the evolutionary history of RSGA fauna may be rather complicated and species-specific as suggested by DiBattista et al (2013) and DiBattista et al (2016a).…”

Section: Genetic Population Structure and Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Small Giant Clam, Tridacna maxima Exhibits Minimal Population Genetic Structure in the Red Sea and Genetic Differentiation From the Gulf of Aden

et al. 2020

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The Red Sea serves as a natural laboratory to investigate mechanisms of genetic differentiation and population dynamics of reef organisms due to its high species endemism. Giant clams, important yet understudied coral reef engineering species, are ideal candidates for such study in this region. This paper presents the first population genetics study of giant clams covering the entire East coast of the Red Sea. Our study aimed to investigate the population structure of the small giant clam, Tridacna maxima, based on 501-bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene from 194 individuals (126 new sequences from this study plus 68 sequences from GenBank), collected from 14 locations in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (RSGA). For the genetic analysis, each sampling site was treated as a population. T. maxima showed high genetic diversity, with high gene flow in almost all sampling sites. The insignificant global φ ST-value of 0.02 (p > 0.05) suggests the presence of one large, panmictic population across a wide range of temperature and salinity gradients in the RSGA. Despite this, the population in Djibouti was genetically differentiated from the other 11 populations in the Red Sea, suggesting a connectivity break between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. These results could be explained by the oceanographic features facilitating wide larval transport inside the Red Sea, and creating a dispersal barrier to the Gulf of Aden. Besides larval dispersal by currents, apparent successful establishment following dispersal is probably facilitated by the mode and time of reproduction as well as the ability of T. maxima to achieve high fitness in the highly variable environmental conditions of the Red Sea.

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Section: Genetic Population Structure and Connectivitysupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Genetic Population Structure and Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Small Giant Clam, Tridacna maxima Exhibits Minimal Population Genetic Structure in the Red Sea and Genetic Differentiation From the Gulf of Aden

et al. 2020

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“…This is consistent with oceanographic patterns in that mesoscale eddies do not form adjacent to the Farasan Islands, but rather there is a strong flow into and out of the Red Sea across the Strait of Bab‐al‐Mandeb that connects the Farasan Islands to reef habitats in the Gulf of Aden (Wang et al, 2019 ). Additionally, the Farasan Islands are characterized by shallow and patchy reefs across the entire shelf, whereas its closest geographic neighbor (i.e., the Farasan Banks) harbors the most diversified reef habitats in the Red Sea (Berumen et al, 2019 ; Rowlands et al, 2016 ). These oceanographic and environmental differences make the SE region a transition zone joining the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden, corroborating a putative genetic barrier at ~18°N (e.g., Nanninga et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Climate‐tailored Approaches To Better Protect the Red Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the most southern section of the basin is not subjected to these mesoscale eddies because the narrow gap between the continental shelves on either side does not allow their formation (Figure 1 ). Consequently, this southern section of the Red Sea has been often posited to limit gene flow, potentially resulting in local adaptation (Berumen et al, 2019 ; Roberts et al, 2016 ). Investigating large‐scale genetic connectivity patterns along the latitudinal range in the Red Sea will provide the basis for designing a better‐connected network of MPAs that promotes resilience and recovery for coral reefs and their associated fauna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A portfolio of climate‐tailored approaches to advance the design of marine protected areas in the Red Sea

Gajdzik

DeCarlo

Aylagas

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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Intensified coastal development is compromising the health and functioning of marine ecosystems. A key example of this is the Red Sea, a biodiversity hotspot subjected to increasing local human pressures. While some marine‐protected areas (MPAs) were placed to alleviate these stressors, it is unclear whether these MPAs are managed or enforced, thus providing limited protection. Yet, most importantly, MPAs in the Red Sea were not designed using climate considerations, likely diminishing their effectiveness against global stressors. Here, we propose to tailor the design of MPAs in the Red Sea by integrating approaches to enhance climate change mitigation and adaptation. First, including coral bleaching susceptibility could produce a more resilient network of MPAs by safeguarding reefs from different thermal regions that vary in spatiotemporal bleaching responses, reducing the risk that all protected reefs will bleach simultaneously. Second, preserving the basin‐wide genetic connectivity patterns that are assisted by mesoscale eddies could further ensure recovery of sensitive populations and maintain species potential to adapt to environmental changes. Finally, protecting mangrove forests in the northern and southern Red Sea that act as major carbon sinks could help offset greenhouse gas emissions. If implemented with multinational cooperation and concerted effort among stakeholders, our portfolio of climate‐tailored approaches may help build a network of MPAs in the Red Sea that protects more effectively its coastal resources against escalating coastal development and climate instability. Beyond the Red Sea, we anticipate this study to serve as an example of how to improve the utility of tropical MPAs as climate‐informed conservation tools.

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“…Population fecundity, connectivity among populations, and levels of recruitment must, therefore, be known to understand and model the potential survival of coral reef organisms (Paris et al, 2007). This is no trivial task since recruits of virtually all organisms are small and difficult, if not impossible, to track unless sophisticated genetic tools are at hand (Baums et al, 2014;Berumen et al, 2019) to determine the provenance of propagules. While much progress has been made by using traditional field methods (settlement plates, larval capture, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%