Fishery Management

“…The Monongahela culture was initially recognized from excavated village sites, though non-village Monongahela sites, including hamlets, and camp sites, have been excavated in recent years. There is a growing recognition among archaeologists that the Monongahela culture is an artificial construct that may bear little relation to an actual native tribe (Hart, 1993;McHugh, 1984;Means, 1999;Raber et al, 1989). For the purposes of this paper, the phrase "Monongahela culture" is used simply to refer to a group of people that inhabited southwestern Pennsylvania and portions of adjacent states between A.D. 900 and the 1600s, that practiced a related-set of adaptational approaches to the local environment, which included intensive maize horticulture, and who had a portion of their population residing together in circular to oval palisaded villages.…”

Section: Modeling Monongahela Village Community Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Model of Monongahela Village Community Organization: Analyzing Pit Feature Data Recovered from the 1934 to 1940 Somerset County Relief Excavations

Means¹

2000

North American Archaeologist

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An ongoing review of the Somerset County Relief Excavations shows that architectural and feature data are integral to modeling Monongahela village community organization. In this paper, I focus on how feature morphology can be used as a tool to analyze Monongahela village community organization. While conducting this study, I encountered and overcame limitations in the field techniques and data recording procedures employed during the relief excavations. I was also hampered by the present status of the collections and field records generated by the relief excavations, which are incomplete, scattered, or lost. Nonetheless, sufficient data are available from these excavations to model Monongahela village community organization independently from the published and unpublished reports by the original excavators. Lessons learned from this study can be applied to the management of current archaeological collections and field records.

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“…Estuaries are semienclosed geographic regions where freshwater mixes with ocean water [Pritchard, 1967]. They are biologically productive and economically important [Barbier et al, 2010] with many marine organisms, including most commercially harvested fish, depending on estuaries at some point in their life cycle [McHugh, 1984]. An important component in the maintenance of estuarine ecological health is their ability to flush excess nutrients and other pollutants through natural mechanisms such as tidal mixing and the subtidal exchange circulation [Geyer and Signell, 1992;Ketchum, 1954;Oliveira and Baptista, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of hysteresis in the annual exchange circulation of a large microtidal estuary

2015

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A nonlinear relation between the salinity field and the subtidal exchange circulation in the Tampa Bay estuary is demonstrated using observational data from 1999 to 2011. The data are averaged to form mean monthly climatological values of total freshwater discharge (Q), axial and vertical salinity gradients, and subtidal vertical shear. Well-known steady state solutions indicate that the exchange circulation is linearly proportional to the horizontal salinity gradient, assuming a constant vertical eddy viscosity (A eff ). The exchange flow is found to be multivalued with respect to the horizontal salinity gradient, forming a hysteresis loop in parameter space that passes through three dynamical regimes. Regime I is relatively dry with weak salinity gradients and exchange circulation. Regime II is the wet season (June-September) in which all quantities rapidly increase. In regime III, the exchange flow persists even though Q and the axial salinity gradient are again low. Gradient Richardson numbers and Simpson numbers also form a loop in parameter space with Ri remaining subcritical (turbulent) until the wet season when Ri rises above criticality (weak vertical mixing) where it remains through the end of regime III. The Simpson number is in a narrow range around 0.2, indicating that the horizontal salinity gradient is always a driver of the exchange circulation. The A eff , estimated from a parameterization of the Richardson number, decreases by almost an order of magnitude from regimes I to II. It remains low during III, indicating that the persistent stratification is insulating the exchange flow from destruction by tidal mixing during this time period.

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Fishery Management

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment

Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment

Toward a Model of Monongahela Village Community Organization: Analyzing Pit Feature Data Recovered from the 1934 to 1940 Somerset County Relief Excavations

Observations of hysteresis in the annual exchange circulation of a large microtidal estuary

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