Fish tolerance to organophosphate-induced oxidative stress is dependent on the glutathione metabolism and enhanced by N-acetylcysteine

Peña-Llopis, Samuel; Ferrando, M.D.; Peña, Juan B.

doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(03)00148-6

Cited by 235 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Similar observations were made by other authors, who, in a study on fish, observed a tissue-specific adaptive response to neutralize oxidative stress following diazinon exposure ; this response was due to different antioxidant levels in tissues [13]. Also, Pena-Llopis et al [33] demonstrated that tolerance to the OP dichlorvos could be explained as individual capacity of maintaining glutathione level. GSH as the dominant nonprotein thiol in mammalian cells is essential in maintaining the intracellular redox balance and also plays an important function in detoxification of xenobiotics or their metabolites [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Changes in antioxidative parameters in the kidney of rats subchronically intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos — an organophosphate insecticide

Lukaszewicz-Hussain

2009

Open Medicine

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AbstractChlorfenvinphos is an organophosphate insecticide, posing a risk to those who are professionally involved in its production and use in agriculture, as well as to the general population. Organophosphates (OPs) are the class of insecticides, whose primary target is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter at the central and peripheral neuronal synapses. Moreover, many authors postulate that these compounds, both in acute and chronic intoxication, change the activities of antioxidative enzymes, thus leading to the enhancement of lipid peroxidation in many tissues. In the current study, animals received once a day, intragastrically with a stomach tube, 0.1ml/100g of olive oil (control groups) and oil solution of chlorfenvinphos at a dose of 0.02LD50 (0.3 mg/kg b. w.) — the experimental groups. The animals were sacrificed on day 14 or on day 28 of exposure. In the kidneys of rats, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as reduced glutathione level (GSH) were determined. Chlorfenvinphos administration resulted in increased activities of antioxidative enzymes in the kidney of rats. Renal activities of SOD, GPx and GR were more pronounced on day 28 of chlorfenvinphos exposure than on day 14. The kidney reduced glutathione level (GSH) did not change in comparison to the control level. The current experimental findings indicate that subchronic administration of chlorfenvinphos leads to an adaptive response in the kidney of rats and this response is mostly due to reduced glutathione level and glutathione metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Changes in antioxidative parameters in the kidney of rats subchronically intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos — an organophosphate insecticide

Lukaszewicz-Hussain

2009

Open Medicine

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“…It has been reported that OP compounds, besides their inhibitory effect on AChE, also induce oxidative stress. 22,26,27) Oxidative stress occurs when the critical balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disrupted due to the depletion of antioxidants or excessive accumulation of the ROS, or both, leading to damage. 27,28) ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and the free radicals superoxide (O 2 · ) and hydroxyl radical (HO · ) can react with biological macromolecules and produce enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, resulting in oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] It has also been proven to be useful in the treatment of acute paraquat and heavy metal poisoning. [20][21][22] Another study demonstrated that NAC may be a complementary antidote for OP poisoning, acting at different target sites. 22) All of these beneficial properties led us to consider NAC as a strong candidate for restoring impaired prooxidant/antioxidant balance in OP poisoning.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22] Another study demonstrated that NAC may be a complementary antidote for OP poisoning, acting at different target sites. 22) All of these beneficial properties led us to consider NAC as a strong candidate for restoring impaired prooxidant/antioxidant balance in OP poisoning. 16) The aim of present study was to investigate prophylactic and therapeutic effects of NAC in OP-induced oxidative stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Beneficial Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Organophosphate Toxicity in Mice

Yürümez

Cemek

Yılmaz

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Recent studies showed that oxidative stress could be an important component of the mechanism of organophosphate (OP) compounds toxicity. The aim of present study was to investigate either prophylactic and therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against fenthion-induced oxidative stress in mice. Additionally, the effects on survival rates were investigated. Therefore, we determined the changes of the blood levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, and nitrate in blood or serum. Additionally, all animals were observed for 6 h and the survival rates were recorded. It was found that fenthion administration increased the levels of MDA, and decreased the levels of GSH, nitrite and nitrate. On the other hand, both prophylactic and therapeutic NAC treatment decreased the levels of MDA, and increased the levels of GSH, nitrite, and nitrate. The results showed that NAC is able to attenuate the fenthion-induced oxidative stres whereby NAC has not only prophylactic but also therapeutic activity in fenthion poisoning. On the other hand, we found that NAC can clearly improve survival rates in mice administered with an acute high dose of fenthion poisoning. In conclusion, NAC can decrease OP-induced oxidative stress and mortality rate, but the exact mechanism of its NAC protective effect needs to be explored further.

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“…One paper published in 2007 by Yurumez et al (30) determined the benefi cial effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in counteracting the organophosphate fenthion (a moderately toxic OP according to the classifi cation of the WHO) in mice, and demonstrated that NAC has prophylactic as well as therapeutic activity in OP poisoning and clearly improves survival rates in mice. Pena-Llopis et al (31) showed that NAC increased fi sh survival following exposure to lethal doses of dichlorvos. These papers described the effectiveness of the antioxidant NAC in acute poisoning.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Use Of Antioxidants In Op Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants in Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning

Nurulain

Szegi

Tekes

et al. 2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Oxidative stress has recently been implicated as a factor in the mortality and morbidity induced by organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning. An overwhelming number of research papers are based on studying at the cellular and organ level. Such studies have concluded that antioxidants can be used as an adjunct compound in the treatment of both chronic as well as acute OP poisoning. Still, the role of antioxidants in reducing the mortality and morbidity induced by OP compounds has scarcely been verifi ed, as well as their role as adjunct treatment compounds for both structurally and functionally different OP compounds. The present review of the literature was undertaken to establish the role of antioxidants in survival studies following acute exposure to OP compounds. The review found no substantial evidence that antioxidants demonstrate any positive effect following extremely toxic poisoning. However, for a more comprehensive and rational conclusion, further research needs to be conducted. Nurulain SM et al. ANTIOXIDANTS AND ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2013;64:169-177 KEY WORDS: acute poisoning, oxidative stress, survival study Intoxication by organophosphorus compoundsThe history of organophosphorus compounds (OP) and their poisonous effect stretches throughout more than a century. These compounds manifest their toxicity by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase at the nerve synapse. Despite decades-long research, mortality caused by acute OP poisoning continues to be high (1), while no new standard therapies are being introduced. There are over 150 different types of synthesized OPs, though their generalized structure is much the same. Each OP has a unique profile of toxicity and behaviour. For instance, death due to dichlorvos poisoning occurs very rapidly, while dimethoate toxicity takes several hours to develop (2), even though both belong to the same OP class. From the standpoint of chemistry, OP c o m p o u n d s c o m p r i s e o rg a n o p h o s p h a t e s , organophosphonates and organophosphinates, each of which is further divided into sub-groups. Other classifi cations of OPs are based on the lethality of a compound. According to the classifi cation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) (3), Class Ia belongs to extremely toxic OPs, Ib are highly toxic, Class II comprises moderately toxic, whereas Class III consists of mildly toxic OP compounds. Some examples are shown in Table 1. In addition, there are also the deadly organophosphorus chemical weapons (OPWs), called nerve agents.Acute organophosphate insecticide poisoning manifests itself through three different phases of toxicity; namely, acute cholinergic crisis, which occurs from within a few minutes to twenty-four hours;Brought to you by |

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Fish tolerance to organophosphate-induced oxidative stress is dependent on the glutathione metabolism and enhanced by N-acetylcysteine

Cited by 235 publications

References 73 publications

Changes in antioxidative parameters in the kidney of rats subchronically intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos — an organophosphate insecticide

Changes in antioxidative parameters in the kidney of rats subchronically intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos — an organophosphate insecticide

Beneficial Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Organophosphate Toxicity in Mice

Antioxidants in Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning

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