Fish sleeping under sandy bottom: Interplay of melatonin and clock genes

Hur, Sung Pyo; Takeuchi, Yuki; Itoh, Hitomi; Uchimura, Miyuki; Takahashi, Kai; Kang, Hyeong Cheol; Lee, Young Don; Kim, Se Jae; Takemura, Akihiro

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.01.007

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Despite the fact that the SCN is neuroanatomically well defined in fish (Rink & Wullimann, 2004), there is no evidence that it acts as a major clock.Using RT-PCR, expression of several clock genes were detected in some areas in the brain of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Mazurais et al, 2000) zebrafish (Danio rerio, Moore & Whitmore, 2014;Whitmore et al, 1998), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Davie et al, 2009), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, del Pozo et al, 2012), Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis, Martín-Robles et al, 2012), threespot wrasse (Halichoeres trimaculatus, Hur et al, 2012) and goldfish (Velarde et al, 2009). In addition, clock genes transcripts were identified in different peripheral tissues including pituitary, heart, kidney, liver, testis, gills, intestine, muscle, ovary and spleen in zebrafish (Cermakian et al, 2000;Whitmore et al, 1998), European seabass (del Pozo et al, 2012), Senegal sole (Martín-Robles et al, 2012) and goldfish (Nisembaum et al, 2012;Velarde et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical distribution and daily profile ofgper1bgene expression in brain and peripheral structures of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Sánchez-Bretaño

Guéguen

Cano-Nicolau

et al. 2015

Chronobiology International

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The functional organization of the circadian system and the location of the main circadian oscillators vary through phylogeny. Present study investigates by in situ hybridization the anatomical location of the clock gene gPer1b in forebrain and midbrain, pituitary, and in two peripheral locations, the anterior intestine and liver, in a teleost fish, the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Moreover, the daily expression profiles of this gene were also studied by quantitative Real Time-PCR. Goldfish were maintained under a 12L-12D photoperiod and fed daily at 2 h after lights were switched on. A wide distribution of gPer1b mRNA in goldfish brain and pituitary was found in telencephalon, some hypothalamic nuclei (including the homologous to mammalian SCN), habenular nucleus, optic tectum, cerebellum and torus longitudinalis. Moreover, gPer1b expression was observed, for the first time in teleosts, in the pituitary, liver and anterior intestine. Day/night differences in gper1b mRNA abundance were found by in situ hybridization, with higher signal at nighttime that correlates with the results obtained by RT-PCR, where a rhythmic gPer1b expression was found in all tissues with acrophases at the end of the night. Amplitudes of gper1b rhythms vary among tissues, being higher in liver and intestine than in the brain, maybe because different cues entrain clocks in these locations. These results support the existence of functional clocks in many central and peripheral locations in goldfish coordinated, ticking at the same time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical distribution and daily profile ofgper1bgene expression in brain and peripheral structures of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Sánchez-Bretaño

Guéguen

Cano-Nicolau

et al. 2015

Chronobiology International

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“…These findings suggest that evolution has resulted in an increase in the adrenergic arousal system in the cave fish as compared to surface dwellers. Other recent studies in the killifish ( Nothobranchius korthausae) and the three-spot wrasse ( Halichoeres trimaculatus) provide evidence for the improvement in the circadian rhythmicity of aging fish and in the induction of quiescence by melatonin [64,65].…”

Section: Mortality/aging/insomniamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In addition, pharmacological studies in other nonmammalian vertebrates, for example, fish [63][64][65] and reptiles [68,69], suggest that these organisms may provide clues about the phylogenetic development of neurochemical mechanisms in the control of sleeping and waking. Although molecular studies in model systems suggest the development of more effective treatments for insomnia, this promise has not been fully realized in the development of safe, effective, widely used, well-tolerated treatments for humans.…”

Section: Pharmacological Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny in Sleep Medicine

Hartse¹

2015

Sleep Medicine

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The "witchery of sleep" has historically been a topic of inquiry for many diverse scientific disciplines as well as a source of personal fascination for most people.The cry for sleep is ever greater than the cry for bread. Existence depends on both; but we eat to sleep, while we sleep to live. Sleep is of far greater importance than food for the preservation of life. [1, p. 21] This mysterious brew of an as-yet-undeciphered formula of genetic, electrophysiological, psychological, neurochemical, and molecular events has been implicated in determining mortality and morbidity; in affecting mental and physical health; and in altering memory, cognition, and quality of life. The study of sleep, once confined almost exclusively to the scientific laboratory, has cultivated an entire specialized field of sleep disorders medicine. However, despite dramatic increases in knowledge about basic sleep mechanisms and human sleep disorders, the function and purpose of sleep still continue to remain touched by the diaphanous veil of witchery.The universality of sleep, in fact, suggests that sleep serves an important biological function. Sleep has now been studied both behaviorally and electrophysiologically in a wide variety of organisms. The majority of sleep studies have been performed on familiar mammals such as mice, rats, cats, dogs, and humans. However, the phylogenetic study of sleep also encompasses nonmammalian organisms with wide variations in habitat, electrophysiology, and behavior. Insects, invertebrates, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and monotremes (platypus and echidna) as well as more unusual mammals such as sloths, elephants, and cetaceans (whales and dolphins) have been studied behaviorally and in several cases electrophysiologically (for recent reviews, see [2][3][4][5][6]). By examining living organisms which have a long history represented in the fossil record, clues to the contribution of sleep in the survival of a species as well as the function of sleep in living species might be determined. Here, we discuss specific findings which have emerged from phylogenetic studies, drawing primarily on nonmammalian or ganisms, and which have significance for unraveling human sleep disorders. The Definition of SleepThe behavioral criteria for defining sleep are well known, and the application of these criteria permits the identification of sleep in diverse species. These criteria include: (1) a species-specific posture, (2) behavioral quiescence, (3) elevated arousal thresholds, (4) state reversibility to distinguish sleep from coma or torpor, and (5) a homeostatic response to sleep deprivation [4]. There is well-known electrophysiology which occurs in conjunction with these behavioral criteria. Nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), defined by the presence of high-amplitude slow waves, occurs in cyclic alteration with rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical (PS) sleep, defined by the presence of REMs, skeletal muscle atonia, increases in brain temperature, male penile erections, and, in humans, mental activity. S...

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“…Per2 and Cry1 are induced by light exposure (Okamura et al 2002). Hur et al (2012) reported that the clock genes in the brain of the threespot wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus, have different daily and circadian patterns. The opposite results for clock gene expression and MT1 expression suggest that a feedback loop exists between melatonin and clock genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of LED spectral sensitivity on circadian rhythm-related genes in the yellowtail clownfish,Amphiprion clarkii

Park

Shin

Kim

et al. 2013

Animal Cells and Systems

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Using clock genes in the yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii, we investigated the effects of light spectra and melatonin on circadian rhythms using light-emitting diodes (LEDs): red, green, and blue. To assess differences in circadian rhythms under different LED light spectra, we measured changes in the expressions of Melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and Period 2 (Per2) and Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) genes and changes in the plasma melatonin levels. Under red light, MT1 expression was significantly higher than that under other light spectra, but Per2 and Cry1 expressions were significantly lower than were those under other light spectra. Plasma glucose was significantly higher under red light than under other light spectra. These results indicate that, because red light is rapidly absorbed by water molecules, it cannot be detected by fish and acts as a stressor. In addition, melatonin regulates circadian rhythms via clock genes, and green and blue lights may be the most suitable for altering circadian rhythms in yellowtail clownfish, as these wavelengths generally penetrate seawater more efficiently than that by red light.

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Fish sleeping under sandy bottom: Interplay of melatonin and clock genes

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Anatomical distribution and daily profile ofgper1bgene expression in brain and peripheral structures of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Anatomical distribution and daily profile ofgper1bgene expression in brain and peripheral structures of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Phylogeny in Sleep Medicine

Effects of LED spectral sensitivity on circadian rhythm-related genes in the yellowtail clownfish,Amphiprion clarkii

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