Fish roe phospholipids and health: composition, extraction, storage and brain health application

Ahmmed, Mirja Kaizer; Ahmmed, Fatema; Carne, Alan; Tian, Huiling; Bekhit, Alaa El‐Din A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819893-3.00005-9

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 294 publications

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“…The extraction of LPC from biological samples involves several steps, including the extraction of the total lipid, the fractionation of the lipid class, the separation of phospholipid as lecithin, and the generation of LPC, using lipase or another suitable hydrolysis method. Phospholipid could be extracted using various extraction methods such as an organic solvent (single solvent or multi-solvent extraction), solid-phase extraction, super/subcritical extraction, pulsed electric field extraction (PEF), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction [ 21 ]. The use of PEF and EAE as aid methods have been reported to reduce the amounts of solvents used for the extraction and to reduce cost as well; they generate bioactive low molecular weight peptides in the lipid fractions, resulting in a higher yield of the total lipid and phospholipid, compared to solvent-only extraction systems [ 21 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Extraction and Quantification Of Lpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phospholipid could be extracted using various extraction methods such as an organic solvent (single solvent or multi-solvent extraction), solid-phase extraction, super/subcritical extraction, pulsed electric field extraction (PEF), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction [ 21 ]. The use of PEF and EAE as aid methods have been reported to reduce the amounts of solvents used for the extraction and to reduce cost as well; they generate bioactive low molecular weight peptides in the lipid fractions, resulting in a higher yield of the total lipid and phospholipid, compared to solvent-only extraction systems [ 21 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Various fish co-products, including the head, skin, roe, and gonad of fish species commercially fished in New Zealand, such as blue mackerel, hoki, snapper, gurnard, and salmon, have been reported to contain a considerable amount of lysophospholipids [ 71 , 72 , 73 ], which could be extracted using a one-pot extraction system, ETHEX, which avoids the differential partitioning of lysophospholipids into the aqueous/solvent phase, as occurs in the Folch method [ 72 ].…”

Section: Extraction and Quantification Of Lpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although free DHA enters the brain by passive diffusion ( Figure 1 ), it appears that it is not able to enhance the DHA level in the brain, possibly due to being rapidly oxidised [ 12 , 17 , 18 ]. Recently, several comprehensive reviews have been published that have discussed the structure, properties, sources, extraction, quantification, and health benefits of marine phospholipids [ 3 , 7 , 8 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Only a few reviews have focused on the health benefits of lysophospholipids [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], but information on their extraction, properties, quantification, processing effects, and delivery is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application

et al. 2023

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Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids esterified in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-omega-3) are the most bioavailable omega-3 fatty acid form and are considered important for brain health. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a hydrolyzed phospholipid that is generated from the action of either phospholipase PLA1 or PLA2. There are two types of LPC; 1-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-2 position is acylated) and 2-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-1 position is acylated). The 2-LPC type is more highly bioavailable to the brain than the 1-LPC type. Given the biological and health aspects of LPC types, it is important to understand the structure, properties, extraction, quantification, functional role, and effect of the processing of LPC. This review examines various aspects involved in the extraction, characterization, and quantification of LPC. Further, the effects of processing methods on LPC and the potential biological roles of LPC in health and wellbeing are discussed. DHA-rich-LysoPLs, including LPC, can be enzymatically produced using lipases and phospholipases from wide microbial strains, and the highest yields were obtained by Lipozyme RM-IM®, Lipozyme TL-IM®, and Novozym 435®. Terrestrial-based phospholipids generally contain lower levels of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, and therefore, they are considered less effective in providing the same health benefits as marine-based LPC. Processing (e.g., thermal, fermentation, and freezing) reduces the PL in fish. LPC containing omega-3 PUFA, mainly DHA (C22:6 omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (C20:5 omega-3) play important role in brain development and neuronal cell growth. Additionally, they have been implicated in supporting treatment programs for depression and Alzheimer’s. These activities appear to be facilitated by the acute function of a major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2 (Mfsd2a), expressed in BBB endothelium, as a chief transporter for LPC-DHA uptake to the brain. LPC-based delivery systems also provide the opportunity to improve the properties of some bioactive compounds during storage and absorption. Overall, LPCs have great potential for improving brain health, but their safety and potentially negative effects should also be taken into consideration.

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Section: Extraction and Quantification Of Lpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction and Quantification Of Lpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application

et al. 2023

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“…Salmon roe is reported to contain a considerable amount of phospholipid (26.53 µmol/g) and n-3 fatty acids (43.32% of the total fatty acid content) [ 7 ]. The omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) esterified as phospholipid present in salmon roe are beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular heart disease, brain health, chronic liver diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different processing regimes can have different effects on the composition of nutrients and bioactive compounds, including fatty acid, amino acid, mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant contents. The stability, quantity, and bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids depend on the processing methods used in the preparation of the food, or extraction of the lipids [ 9 , 10 ]. In previous studies, we reported the effects of salting [ 6 ] and fermentation [ 5 ] on the fatty acid and phospholipid compositions and contents during the preparation of salmon karasumi and karashi mentaiko-like products, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Processed Chinook Salmon Roe Lipids Determined by 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

et al. 2023

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Recently, there has been great interest in the lipidomic of marine lipids and their potential health benefits. Processing of seafood products can potentially modify the characteristics and composition of lipids. The present study investigated the effect of processing methods (salting and fermentation) on the positional distribution of fatty acids of Chinook salmon roe using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The NMR analysis provided information on the carbonyl atom, double bond/olefinic, glycerol backbone, aliphatic group, and chain ending methyl group regions. The obtained data showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the main fatty acid esterified at the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerides (TAGs), while other fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and stearidonic acid (SDA), were randomly distributed or preferentially esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Fermentation of salmon roe was found to enrich the level of DHA at the sn-2 position of the TAG. The processing of roe by both salt drying and fermentation did not appear to affect the proportion of EPA at the sn-2 position. This present study demonstrated that fish roe processing can enhance the proportion of DHA at the sn-2 position and potentially improve its bioavailability.

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Phospholipidomics in Clinical Trials for Brain Disorders: Advancing our Understanding and Therapeutic Potentials

Hachem,

Ahmmed,

Nacir-Delord

2023

Mol Neurobiol

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Phospholipidomics is a specialized branch of lipidomics that focuses on the characterization and quantification of phospholipids. By using sensitive analytical techniques, phospholipidomics enables researchers to better understand the metabolism and activities of phospholipids in brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the brain, identifying specific phospholipid biomarkers can offer valuable insights into the underlying molecular features and biochemistry of these diseases through a variety of sensitive analytical techniques. Phospholipidomics has emerged as a promising tool in clinical studies, with immense potential to advance our knowledge of neurological diseases and enhance diagnosis and treatment options for patients. In the present review paper, we discussed numerous applications of phospholipidomics tools in clinical studies, with a particular focus on the neurological field. By exploring phospholipids’ functions in neurological diseases and the potential of phospholipidomics in clinical research, we provided valuable insights that could aid researchers and clinicians in harnessing the full prospective of this innovative practice and improve patient outcomes by providing more potent treatments for neurological diseases. Graphical Abstract

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Fish roe phospholipids and health: composition, extraction, storage and brain health application

Cited by 7 publications

References 294 publications

Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application

Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application

Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Processed Chinook Salmon Roe Lipids Determined by 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)

Phospholipidomics in Clinical Trials for Brain Disorders: Advancing our Understanding and Therapeutic Potentials

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