Fish oil-supplemented parenteral diets normalize splanchnic blood flow and improve killing of translocated bacteria in a low-dose endotoxin rat model

Pscheidl, E.; Schywalsky, M.; Tschaikowsky, K.; Böke-Pröls, Thomas

doi:10.1097/00003246-200005000-00039

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Heller AR et al [20] found that after a major abdominal tumor surgery, fish oil supplementation could improve liver and pancreas function. Animal experiments have demonstrated improved perfusion and fewer translocations of viable bacteria from the gut into the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver after omega-3 fatty acid infusion in rats [22,23] . Therefore, our results suggest that parenteral nutrition supplemented with omega-3 fish oil might protect liver function after a major abdominal operation in colorectal cancer patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of postoperative omega-3 fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immunomodulations in colorectal cancer patients

Liang¹,

Wang²,

Ye³

et al. 2008

WJG

120

143

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AIM:To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid parenteral supplementation postoperatively on clinical outcomes and immunomodulation in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS:Forty-two patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer resection with an indication for total parenteral nutrition postoperatively were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients received total parenteral nutrition supplemented with either soybean oil (LCT; Intralipid CONCLUSION:Postoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may have a favorable effect on the outcomes in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection by lowering the magnitude of inflammatory responses and modulating the immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of postoperative omega-3 fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immunomodulations in colorectal cancer patients

Liang¹,

Wang²,

Ye³

et al. 2008

WJG

120

143

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“…Mice fed fish oil and then injected with LPS had lower plasma TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations than mice fed safflower oil (Sadeghi et al 1999), while fish oil-containing parenteral nutrition decreased serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in burned rats Tashiro et al 1998). Total parenteral nutrition using fish oil as the lipid source was found to prevent the LPS-induced reduction in blood flow to the gut and to reduce the number of viable bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes and liver following exposure to live bacteria (Pscheidl et al 2000). Fish oil did not, however, decrease bacterial translocation across the gut, and the authors concluded that fish oil must have improved bacterial killing.…”

Section: Systemic Inflammatory Response To Injurymentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids

2002

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Then-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoicacid (DHA) are found in high proportions in oily fish and fish oils. Then-3 PUFA are structurally and functionally distinct from then-6 PUFA. Typically, human inflammatory cells contain high proportions of then-6 PUFA arachidonic acid and low proportions ofn-3 PUFA. The significance of this difference is that arachidonic acid is the precursor of 2-series prostaglandins and 4-series leukotrienes, which are highly-active mediators of inflammation. Feeding fish oil results in partial replacement of arachidonic acid in inflammatory cell membranes by EPA. This change leads to decreased production of arachidonic acid-derived mediators. This response alone is a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFA. However,n-3 PUFA have a number of other effects which might occur downstream of altered eicosanoid production or might be independent of this activity. For example, animal and human studies have shown that dietary fish oil results in suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and can decrease adhesion molecule expression. These effects occur at the level of altered gene expression. This action might come about through antagonism of the effects of arachidonic acid-derived mediators or through more direct actions on the intracellular signalling pathways which lead to activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFêB). Recent studies have shown thatn-3 PUFA can down regulate the activity of the nuclear transcription factor NFêB. Fish oil feeding has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms in some animal models of chronic inflammatory disease and to protect against the effects of endotoxin and similar inflammatory challenges. Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some patients with asthma, supporting the idea that then-3 PUFA in fish oil are antiinflammatory. There are indications that inclusion ofn-3 PUFA in enteral and parenteral formulas might be beneficial to patients in intensive care or post-surgery.

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“…Experimental studies show that FO may influence the response to LPS: FO increases survival in guinea pigs submitted to lethal doses of LPS [14], improves splanchnic and vital organ hemodynamics, and reduces bacterial translocation [15]. This is also observed in critically ill patients with acute inflammatory conditions such as ARDS sepsis and surgery receiving FO with parenteral nutrition [13].…”

Section: Modulation Of the Physiological Response To Lpsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Blunting the response to endotoxin in healthy subjects: effects of various doses of intravenous fish oil

et al. 2009

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Objective: To test the dose response effect of infused fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 PUFAs on the inflammatory response to endotoxin (LPS) and on membrane incorporation of fatty acids in healthy subjects. Design: Prospective, sequential investigation comparing three different FO doses. Subjects: Three groups of male subjects aged 26.8 ± 3.2 years (BMI 22.5 ± 2.1). Intervention: One of three FO doses (Omegaven Ò 10%) as a slow infusion before LPS: 0.5 g/kg 1 day before LPS, 0.2 g/kg 1 day before, or 0.2 g/kg 2 h before. Measurements and results: Temperature, hemodynamic variables, indirect calorimetry and blood samples (TNF-a, stress hormones) were collected. After LPS temperature, ACTH and TNF-a concentrations increased in the three groups: the responses were significantly blunted (p \ 0.0001) compared with the control group of the Pluess et al. trial. Cortisol was unchanged. Lowest plasma ACTH, TNF-a and temperature AUC values were observed after a single 0.2 g/kg dose of FO. EPA incorporation into platelet membranes was dose-dependent. Conclusions: Having previously shown that the response to LPS was reproducible, this study shows that three FO doses blunted it to various degrees. The 0.2 g/kg perfusion immediately before LPS was the most efficient in blunting the responses, suggesting LPS capture in addition to the systemic and membrane effects.

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Fish oil-supplemented parenteral diets normalize splanchnic blood flow and improve killing of translocated bacteria in a low-dose endotoxin rat model

Cited by 86 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of postoperative omega-3 fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immunomodulations in colorectal cancer patients

Impact of postoperative omega-3 fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immunomodulations in colorectal cancer patients

Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids

Blunting the response to endotoxin in healthy subjects: effects of various doses of intravenous fish oil

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