Fish‐oil supplement has neutral effects on vascular and metabolic function but improves renal function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Wong, Chun–Ming; Yiu, Kai‐Hang; Li, S.-W.; Lee, S.; Tam, Sidney; Lau, Chak‐Sing; Tse, Hung‐Fat

doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02869.x

Cited by 84 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In contrast to the observational studies showing that EPA-DHA may prevent or slow down the decline of kidney function, clinical trials show conflicting results (31)(32)(33)(34). However, a trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (n=97) showed, after 3 months of supplementation with 4 g fish oil/d, 0.05 mg/dl lower serum cr compared with controls (35). A meta-analysis, including 626 patients from 12 trials with predominantly IgA nephropathy and diabetes, showed that 0.7-5.1 g/d fish oil supplementation compared with placebo resulted in an 11% (95% CI, 27% to 29%) slower decline of kidney after a median follow-up of 9 months (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Kidney Function after Myocardial Infarction

Hoogeveen¹,

Geleijnse

Kromhout

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Background and objectives Kidney function gradually decreases with age, and myocardial infarction accelerates this deterioration. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids may slow down the decline of kidney function. The effect of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids on kidney function in patients after myocardial infarction was examined.Design, setting, participants, & measurements In the Alpha Omega Trial, 2344 patients with history of myocardial infarction ages 60-80 years old (81% men) were randomized to one of four trial margarines. The patients received an additional targeted amount of 400 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, 2 g/d a-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid plus a-linolenic acid, or placebo for 40 months. Serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were assessed at baseline and after 40 months. Creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was estimated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.Results Patients consumed 19.9 g margarine/d, providing an additional 239 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid with 159 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid, 1.99 g/d a-linolenic acid, or both in the active treatment groups. After 40 months, compared with baseline, mean (6SD) creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was 26.9 (612.6), 24.8 (613.4), 26.2 (612.8), and 26.0 (613.0) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 in the placebo, eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid, a-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid plus a-linolenic acid groups, respectively. After 40 months, in patients receiving eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid compared with placebo, the decline in creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was 2.1 less (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 3.6; P,0.01) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ; other comparisons were not statistical significant. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident CKD (,60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) and rapid decline of kidney function ($3 ml/min per year) for eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid compared with placebo were 0.83 (0.58 to 1.18) and 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08), respectively.Conclusions Long-term supplementation with 400 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid provides a small beneficial effect on kidney function in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Kidney Function after Myocardial Infarction

Hoogeveen¹,

Geleijnse

Kromhout

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Conversely, the n-3s found in fatty fish such as salmon, trout and mackerel are the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaneoic acid (DHA), consisting of 20 and 22 carbons, respectively. Much of the literature supporting the benefits of n-3s for CVD risk reduction has been conducted on EPA and DHA, showing improvements in triglyceride levels in both healthy participants and those with elevated triglyceride levels (163)(164)(165). While the body does convert some dietary ALA into EPA and DHA, evidence suggests the conversion rate is poor, estimated at <5% depending on n-6 intake (166).…”

Section: Dietary Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Salvia Hispanica L. Seeds on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Brissette¹,

Jenkins²,

Choleva³

et al. 2013

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

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There is growing interest in the potential role of omega-3/fibre-rich seeds in attenuating obesity and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Preliminary data suggests that consumption of white Salvia hispanica L. (Salba ® ) seeds prolongs satiety and may aid weight loss. This randomized, double-blind, parallel study assessed the efficacy and safety of Salvia hispanica in overweight/obese individuals with T2DM on weight, body composition, glycemic control and other CVD risk factors. Fifty-eight participants consumed a hypocaloric diet including Salvia hispanica or an energy-and-fibre-matched control over 24 weeks. Greater reductions in weight, waist circumference and inflammation occurred in the Salvia hispanica group versus control. There were no significant between-group differences in safety parameters, glycemic control or other CVD risk factors.Salvia hispanica seeds may support weight loss in overweight/obese individuals with T2DM. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects are maintained.iii

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“…Omega-3 fatty acids derived from marine fish oil predominantly lower triglycerides, but may also have beneficial effects on HDL subfractions and LDL-particle size, as well as direct actions on the vasculature to reduce inflammation and endothelial cell activation [152]. In randomized, double-blind, controlled trials in T2D patients, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improved acetylchollilne (Ach)-stimulated FABF [153], but not fasting brachial artery FMD [154,155]. Compared with placebo, 6 weeks of purified eicosapentenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexemoic acid (DHA) (2g/day) significantly reduced the postprandial decrease in FMD and improved postprandial microvascular function in T2D patients [156].…”

Section: Lipid-regulating Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes: Pathogenesis, Significance, and Treatment

2013

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■ AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction (ED), an early indicator of diabetic vascular disease, is common in T2D and independently predicts cardiovascular risk. Although the precise pathogenic mechanisms for ED in T2D remain unclear, at inception they probably involve uncoupling of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the activation of vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. The major contributing factors include dyslipoproteinemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Therapeutic interventions are designed to target these pathophysiological factors that underlie ED. Therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle changes, antiglycemic agents and lipid-regulating therapies, aim to correct hyperglycemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia and to improve ED. However, high residual cardiovascular risk is seen in both research and clinical practice settings. Well-designed studies of endothelial function in appropriately selected volunteers afford a good opportunity to test new therapeutic interventions, paving the way for clinical trials and utilization in the care of the diabetic patient. However, based on the results from a recent clinical trial, niacin should not be added to a statin in individuals with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very well controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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Fish‐oil supplement has neutral effects on vascular and metabolic function but improves renal function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 84 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Kidney Function after Myocardial Infarction

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Kidney Function after Myocardial Infarction

The Effect of Salvia Hispanica L. Seeds on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes: Pathogenesis, Significance, and Treatment

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