Fish oil inhibits Δ6 desaturase activity in vivo: Utility in a dietary paradigm to obtain mice depleted of arachidonic acid

Raz, Amiram; Kamin-Belsky, Nurit; Przedecki, Fiorenza; Obukowicz, Mark G.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(97)00086-7

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that an intake of fish oil suppresses the synthesis of 20:4n-6 from 18:2n-6 [45,46]. In this study, the 20:4n-6 percentage in liver was significantly lower in the J diet group than in the W diet group, although this difference was not observed in the plasma samples.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Effects of Western, Vegetarian, and Japanese Dietary Fat Model Diets with or without Green Tea Extract on the Plasma Lipids and Glucose, and Liver Lipids in Mice

Shirai¹,

Suzuki²

2004

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of three model diets containing different fats, with or without a small amount of green tea extract (GTE), on plasma lipids and glucose, and liver lipids in mice. Methods: Male mice (2 months old) fed 10% fat diets with Western (W), Vegetarian (V), and Japanese (J) fat compositions with or without 0.03% GTE for 7 months. Results: The concentrations of plasma and liver total cholesterol in animals fed the W diet were not significantly different from those fed the J diet. Plasma triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations were significantly different from one another in the following order: V > J > W diet groups. GTE supplementation significantly reduced plasma and liver TG content only in V diet group. Plasma glucose (Glu) concentrations were in the following order: W > V > J diet groups, and the GTE supplementation reduced the concentration of Glu in each diet group. The ratios of plasma n–6 to n–3 fatty acids were in the following order: V > W > J diet groups, regardless of GTE supplementation. Conclusion: These findings show the possibility that Japanese eating habits combined with drinking green tea might be a factor in preventing the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Effects of Western, Vegetarian, and Japanese Dietary Fat Model Diets with or without Green Tea Extract on the Plasma Lipids and Glucose, and Liver Lipids in Mice

Shirai¹,

Suzuki²

2004

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…In contrast, in wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet containing a mixture of linoleic and ␣-linolenic acids, the lowered production of cyclic AMP may limit the formation of adipocytes, leading to hyperplasia to accommodate the fatty acid supply. This alteration of cyclic AMP production could be due to a decreased arachidonic acid synthesis from linoleic acid through inhibition of ⌬6 desaturase activity by ␣-linolenic acid and its metabolites (39). In ip-r Ϫ/Ϫ mice, no activation of the PKA pathway occurs through the prostacyclin receptor, and the adipogenic effect of -6 and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our finding that inclusion of ␣-linolenic acid in an isocaloric diet rich in linoleic acid prevents the enhancement of fat mass is consistent with our in vitro observations. Varying the proportion of these essential fatty acids thus should alter the proportion of arachidonic acid versus EPA and DHA (39) and could lead to changes in the pattern of adipose tissue development which occurs during pregnancy and the suckling period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachidonic acid and prostacyclin signaling promote adipose tissue development: a human health concern?

Massiéra

Saint-Marc

Seydoux³

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

272

242

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High fat intake is associated with fat mass gain through fatty acid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ␦ and ␥ , which promote adipogenesis. We show herein that, compared to a combination of specific agonists to both receptors or to saturated, monounsaturated, and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid (C20:4, -6) promoted substantially the differentiation of clonal preadipocytes. This effect was blocked by cyclooxygenase inhibitors and mimicked by carbacyclin, suggesting a role for the prostacyclin receptor and activation of the cyclic AMPdependent pathways that regulate the expression of the CCAAT enhancer binding proteins ␤ and ␦ implicated in adipogenesis. During the pregnancy-lactation period, mother mice were fed either a high-fat diet rich in linoleic acid, a precursor of arachidonic acid (LO diet), or the same isocaloric diet enriched in linoleic acid and ␣ -linolenic acid (LO/ LL diet). Body weight from weaning onwards, fat mass, epididymal fat pad weight, and adipocyte size at 8 weeks of age were higher with LO diet than with LO/LL diet. In contrast, prostacyclin receptor-deficient mice fed either diet were similar in this respect, indicating that the prostacyclin signaling contributes to adipose tissue development. These results raise the issue of the high content of linoleic acid of i ) ingested lipids during pregnancy and lactation, and ii ) formula milk and infant foods in relation to the epidemic of childhood obesity. -Massiera, F., P. Saint-Marc, J. Seydoux, T. Murata, T. Kobayashi, S. Narumiya, P. Guesnet, E-Z. Amri, R. Negrel, and G, Ailhaud. Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, and fat mass excess in severe obesities is typically due to an increase in adipocyte size and number. The formation of adipocytes is a critical event, as mature adipocytes do not divide in vivo and do not undergo significant turnover under physiological conditions. The capacity for proliferation of precursor cells and their differentiation into adipocytes is highest at early age and decrease thereafter in humans and rodents. A limited number of hormones can affect the adipose tissue mass and possibly its distribution (1). High dietary fat intake is now recognized to be associated with a gain of fat mass in animals and humans at all ages (2-5). However, the lack of evidence of a general increase in energy intake as fat among youths, despite a striking increase in the prevalence of obesity in industrial and developing countries, may be due in part to decreased physical activity and nonexercise activity thermogenesis (6), but also to the composition of food intake in early life. The long-term relationship between the fatty acid composition of dietary fats and the development of adipose tissue in humans is difficult to assess in contrast to animals. When mother rats were fed a high-fat diet rich in linoleic acid (C18:2, -6) or saturated fatty acids, suckling pups at 17 days of age exhibited hyperplasia or hypertrophy of whi...

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“…In contrast, other studies have shown that supplementation has led to reduced growth in utero in pigs (Rooke et al, 2001c) and to reduced growth and development in postnatal life in humans and rats (Carlson et al, 1992 and1993;Saste et al, 1998;Amusquivar et al, 2000). It is believed that the negative effects of feeding fish oil supplements are due to oxidative stress (Raz et al, 1997). Rooke et al (2000) found that piglets born to sows receiving a diet containing fish oil were heavier than those from sows receiving diets containing maize and linseed oils at 7 days post-weaning; this was observed irrespective of whether piglets had sucked a sow that had received a fish oil supplement or not, and thus was thought to be due to improved piglet status at birth.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during early to mid gestation

Laws

Lean

et al. 2007

Animal

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The role of dietary fat during early pregnancy in sows has not yet been fully established. The aim of the study was to determine the consequences of altering the fatty acid profile of sow diets during the first half of gestation; oils of different fatty acid composition were chosen as energy supplements to provide diets with different fatty acid profiles. A group of 48 multiparous sows were used to evaluate the effects of supplemental feeding during the first 60 days of gestation (term ≈ 115 days). Sows were allocated (eight per treatment) to either 3 kg/day of commercial sow pellets (control; C) or an experimental diet consisting of 3 kg/day of commercial sow pellets supplemented with 10% extra energy in the form of excess pellets (E), palm oil (P), olive oil (O), sunflower oil (S) or fish oil (F). Differential effects were observed with respect to the fatty acid profile of the diet during the first half of gestation. P sows gave birth to the largest litters. Both P and O supplementation of the maternal diet resulted in heavier piglets at birth, after correction for differences in litter size. P piglets possessed the most fat at birth and remained fatter throughout the pre-weaning period; in contrast, the offspring of O sows contained the least fat throughout life (0 to 140 days of age). The offspring of F sows exhibited improved growth performance during the neonatal period. In conclusion, altering the fatty acid profile of sow diets during the first half of gestation has long-term consequences for the growth and development of their offspring.

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Fish oil inhibits Δ6 desaturase activity in vivo: Utility in a dietary paradigm to obtain mice depleted of arachidonic acid

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Western, Vegetarian, and Japanese Dietary Fat Model Diets with or without Green Tea Extract on the Plasma Lipids and Glucose, and Liver Lipids in Mice

Effects of Western, Vegetarian, and Japanese Dietary Fat Model Diets with or without Green Tea Extract on the Plasma Lipids and Glucose, and Liver Lipids in Mice

Arachidonic acid and prostacyclin signaling promote adipose tissue development: a human health concern?

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during early to mid gestation

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