Fish Oil in a High Lard Diet Prevents Obesity, Hyperlipemia, and Adipocyte Insulin Resistance in Rats

Hainault, Isabelle; Carlotti, Michèle; Hajduch, Éric; Guichard, C; Lavau, M

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35696.x

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There is evidence from studies in rodents of a relative protective effect of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on weight gain in animals fed a high-fat diet, suggesting the potential for fish oil to promote greater weight-loss. 31 Additionally, in human studies, LC n-3 PUFA protected against loss of fat-free mass with 10% weight-loss in obese hypertensive men. 22 However, the present study does not support greater weightloss or differential changes in body composition with LC n-3 PUFA supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

et al. 2006

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Background: Obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are inter-related. Both weight-loss and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are independently known to reduce metabolic risk, but the combined effects are unclear.Objective: This study examines whether addition of LC n-3 PUFA to a low fat/high carbohydrate weight-loss programme results in greater improvements in inflammation, insulin sensitivity and CVD risk, than weight-loss alone. Design: One hundred and sixteen overweight insulin-resistant women entered a 24-week randomised intervention study. Thirty-nine women were randomised to a weight-loss programme, with LC n-3 PUFA (WLFO), 38 to a weight-loss programme with placebo oil (WLPO), and 39 to receive placebo oil, with no weight-loss programme (control). Results: Ninety-three women completed the study (35 WLFO, 32 WLPO and 26 control), with significant weight-loss in WLFO (10.871.0%) and WLPO (12.471.0%) compared to the control group (Po0.0001). The WLFO, but not WLPO or control group, showed significant increases in adipose tissue LC n-3 PUFA (0.3470.20 vs 0.1770.10 and 0.1670.10 %DHA, Po0.0001). Weight-loss showed significant improvements in insulin sensitivity (Po0.001), lipid profile (triglycerides Po0.05) and inflammation (sialic acid Po0.05). Time * group effects showed significant decreases in triglycerides (Po0.05) and increases in adiponectin (Po0.01) with LC n-3 PUFA, in the WLFO vs WLPO groups. Conclusions: Weight-loss improved risk factors associated with CVD, with some additional benefits of LC n-3 PUFA on triglycerides and adiponectin. Given the current low dietary intake of LC n-3 PUFA, greater attention should be given to increase these fatty acids in the treatment of obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

et al. 2006

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“…Consequently, there has been considerable interest in the role of dietary fat in the development of adiposity. Compared to lard or corn oil-fed groups, total body fat or abdominal fat mass were considerably reduced in rodents fed with fish oil or perilla oil containing plenty of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [4,5]. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those in the class of n-3 fatty acids, are now known to affect all four of the metabolic nuclear receptors that modulate triglyceride (TG) levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosapentaenoic acid increases lipolysis through up-regulation of the lipolytic gene expression and down-regulation of the adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2007

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In this study, we investigated the lipolytic effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated in a serum-free medium with 300 lM of EPA for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. In comparison with the control, intracellular lipid accumulation was significantly decreased by 24% at 24 h following the addition of EPA (P \ 0.05). Under the same experimental conditions, there was an increase of glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs). The mRNA level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I-a, a component of the fatty-acid shuttle system involved in the mitochondrial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, was also significantly elevated by EPA (P \ 0.05). However, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which are involved in adipogenesis, was significantly down-regulated by EPA (P \ 0.05). These results suggest that EPA may modulate lipid metabolism by stimulation of lipolysis, which was associated with induction of lipolytic gene expression and suppression of adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

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“…Regular consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may reduce adiposity in humans (Buckley and Howe 2010), in part, by inhibiting adipogenesis (Kopecký et al 2009) and stimulating fat oxidation (Couet et al 1997). Animal models have shown significant reductions in fat mass when dietary n-3 PUFAs, namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), are substituted for saturated fats (Hainault et al 1993), monosaturated fats (Su and Jones 1993), and n-6 polyunsaturated fats (Jones 1989), after controlling for caloric intake. These findings have largely been confirmed by human studies (Thorsdottir et al 2007); however, information regarding whether the anti-obesity effects attributed to n-3 PUFA is dependent upon a specific genotype remains limited (Jourdan et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies interact with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and modify the genetic association with adiposity phenotypes in Yup’ik people

et al. 2013

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n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have anti-obesity effects that may modulate risk of obesity, in part, through interactions with genetic factors. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI); however, the extent to which these variants influence adiposity through interactions with n-3 PUFAs remains unknown. We evaluated 10 highly replicated obesity GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for individual and cumulative associations with adiposity phenotypes in a cross-sectional sample of Yup'ik people (n = 1,073) and evaluated whether genetic associations with obesity were modulated by n-3 PUFA intake. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by adding the BMI-increasing alleles across all 10 SNPs. Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs was estimated using nitrogen stable isotope ratio (d 15 N) of red blood cells, and genotype-phenotype analyses were tested in linear models accounting for familial correlations. GRS was positively associated with BMI (p = 0.012), PBF (p = 0.022), ThC (p = 0.025), and waist circumference (p = 0.038). The variance in adiposity phenotypes explained by the GRS included BMI (0.7 %), PBF (0.3 %), ThC (0.7 %), and WC (0.5 %). GRS interactions with n-3 PUFAs modified the association with adiposity and accounted for more than twice the phenotypic variation (*1-2 %), relative to GRS Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Fish Oil in a High Lard Diet Prevents Obesity, Hyperlipemia, and Adipocyte Insulin Resistance in Rats

Cited by 74 publications

References 10 publications

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

Eicosapentaenoic acid increases lipolysis through up-regulation of the lipolytic gene expression and down-regulation of the adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Obesity polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies interact with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and modify the genetic association with adiposity phenotypes in Yup’ik people

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