Fish Oil Accelerates Diet-Induced Entrainment of the Mouse Peripheral Clock via GPR120

Exercise during the inactive period can entrain locomotor activity and peripheral circadian clock rhythm in mice; however, mechanisms underlying this entrainment are yet to be elucidated. Here, we showed that the bioluminescence rhythm of peripheral clocks in PER2::LUC mice was strongly entrained by forced treadmill and forced wheel-running exercise rather than by voluntary wheel-running exercise at middle time during the inactivity period. Exercise-induced entrainment was accompanied by increased levels of serum corticosterone and norepinephrine in peripheral tissues, similar to the physical stress-induced response. Adrenalectomy with norepinephrine receptor blockers completely blocked the treadmill exercise-induced entrainment. The entrainment of the peripheral clock by exercise is independent of the suprachiasmatic nucleus clock, the main oscillator in mammals. The present results suggest that the response of forced exercise, but not voluntary exercise, may be similar to that of stress, and possesses the entrainment ability of peripheral clocks through the activation of the adrenal gland and the sympathetic nervous system.

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“…Scheduled feeding, physical stress, and treadmill exercise did not affect the phase of the SCN clock2736 (Fig. 3 in the present result).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Forced rather than voluntary exercise entrains peripheral clocks via a corticosterone/noradrenaline increase in PER2::LUC mice

Sasaki

Hattori

Ikeda

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…For example, high levels of androgens from either endogenous or exogenous sources may disrupt peripheral clocks and alter fertility [104]. Both central and peripheral clocks contain elements for glucose sensing [85] and free fatty acid sensing [83], suggesting that peripheral clocks in reproductive tissues might modify fertility based upon the availability of nutrients. Decreases in Leydig cell metabolism may be linked via the cell energy-sensing protein SIRT-1 to the peripheral clock and reduced secretion of testosterone, suggesting a potential link between the nutritional environment and fertility in males [105].…”

Section: How the Reproductive State Might Affect Peripheral Rhythms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible clock systems: adjusting the temporal programme

Veen

Riede

Heideman

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Under natural conditions, many aspects of the abiotic and biotic environment vary with time of day, season or even era, while these conditions are typically kept constant in laboratory settings. The timing information contained within the environment serves as critical timing cues for the internal biological timing system, but how this system drives daily rhythms in behaviour and physiology may also depend on the internal state of the animal. The disparity between timing of these cues in natural and laboratory conditions can result in substantial differences in the scheduling of behaviour and physiology under these conditions. In nature, temporal coordination of biological processes is critical to maximize fitness because they optimize the balance between reproduction, foraging and predation risk. Here we focus on the role of peripheral circadian clocks, and the rhythms that they drive, in enabling adaptive phenotypes. We discuss how reproduction, endocrine activity and metabolism interact with peripheral clocks, and outline the complex phenotypes arising from changes in this system. We conclude that peripheral timing is critical to adaptive plasticity of circadian organization in the field, and that we must abandon standard laboratory conditions to understand the mechanisms that underlie this plasticity which maximizes fitness under natural conditions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.

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“…The SCN clock is mainly entrained by light-dark stimuli, and it regulates the peripheral clocks. The peripheral clocks are entrained by pharmacological agents, food nutrients, and mental or physical stress [15][16][17][18][19]. The SCFAs produced by the microbiota also entrain the circadian clock [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Mice Gut Microbiota

et al. 2019

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Soy protein intake is known to cause microbiota changes. While there are some reports about the effect of soy protein intake on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, effective timing of soy protein intake has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of soy protein intake timing on microbiota. Mice were fed twice a day, in the morning and evening, to compare the effect of soy protein intake in the morning with that in the evening. Mice were divided into three groups: mice fed only casein protein, mice fed soy protein in the morning, and mice fed soy protein in the evening under high-fat diet conditions. They were kept under the experimental condition for two weeks and were sacrificed afterward. We measured cecal pH and collected cecal contents and feces. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from cecal contents were measured by gas chromatography. The microbiota was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA genes from feces. Soy protein intake whether in the morning or evening led to a greater microbiota diversity and a decrease in cecal pH resulting from SCFA production compared to casein intake. In addition, these effects were relatively stronger by morning soy protein intake. Therefore, soy protein intake in the morning may have relatively stronger effects on microbiota than that in the evening.

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Fish Oil Accelerates Diet-Induced Entrainment of the Mouse Peripheral Clock via GPR120

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Forced rather than voluntary exercise entrains peripheral clocks via a corticosterone/noradrenaline increase in PER2::LUC mice

Forced rather than voluntary exercise entrains peripheral clocks via a corticosterone/noradrenaline increase in PER2::LUC mice

Flexible clock systems: adjusting the temporal programme

The Timing Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Mice Gut Microbiota

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