Fish, n-3 fatty acids and human colorectal and breast cancer mortality

Caygill, C. P. J.; Hill, M. J.

doi:10.1097/00008469-199508000-00008

Cited by 138 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…In populations with a high dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids, a lower frequency of breast cancer has been observed, 3 and fish and fish-oil consumption protected against the later promotional stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in a study including 24 European countries. 4 Moreover, low-dose fish oil supplementation normalized cell proliferation in patients with sporadic colorectal adenomas, 5 and similar findings were reported in a study on patients with colon or rectum adeno- carcinoma. 6 Diets containing n-3 fatty acids, may also reduce tumor growth and metastasis in animal models.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Multiplication and death-type of leukemia cell lines exposed to very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

et al. 1998

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may reduce cell multiplication in cultures of normal, as well as transformed, white blood cells. We assessed the sensitivity of 14 different leukemia cell lines to PUFA by measuring cell number after 3 days of incubation. Ten of the examined cell lines were sensitive to 30, 60 and/or 120 M of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas four cell lines were resistant. The sensitivity to PUFA was not associated with any particular cell lineage, clinical origin or specific mRNA pattern of bcl-2 and c-myc. Effects on cell viability were assessed by studying cell membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation and cell morphology. The sensitive cell lines Raji and Ramos died by necrosis and apoptosis, respectively, during incubation with eicosapentaenoic acid, whereas the viability of the resistant U-698 cell line was unaffected. The effects of EPA on Raji cells, was counteracted by vitamin E, indicating that lipid peroxidation was involved. However, apoptosis induced by eicosapentaenoic acid in Ramos cells, was unaffected by vitamin E, as well as eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors. In conclusion, our results indicate that a majority of leukemia cell lines are sensitive to PUFA. This sensitivity may be caused by induction of apoptosis or necrosis by very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Multiplication and death-type of leukemia cell lines exposed to very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

et al. 1998

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“…In a preliminary report (Caygill and Hill, 1995) we concluded from a correlation study of 24 European countries that fish and fish oil consumption showed an inverse relation with CRC, but not with female breast cancer. The apparent protection was stronger for male than for female CRC, and for current intakes compared with those 23 years previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The methods are described in detail elsewhere (Caygill and Hill, 1995). Briefly, average annual age-standardised (world) mortality rates per 100 000 for colorectal cancer 159) and breast cancer (ICD 174) were obtained for the period 1983-87 (Levi et al, 1993 for 24 European countries (Table I), and for USA and Canada (Levi et al, 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fat, fish, fish oil and cancer

Caygill¹,

Charlett²,

Mj³

1996

Br J Cancer

269

123

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SummaryThere is an ecological association between total and animal fat consumption and colorectal and breast cancer risk. Mortality data for breast and colorectal cancer for 24 European countries correlated, as expected, with the consumption of animal, but not vegetable, fat. There was an inverse correlation with fish and fish oil consumption, when expressed as a proportion of total or animal fat, and this correlation was significant for both male and female colorectal cancer and for female breast cancer, whether the intakes were in the current time period, or 10 years or 23 years before cancer mortality. These effects were only seen in countries with a high (>85 g caput-1 day-l) animal fat intake. This evidence suggests that fish oil consumption is associated with protection against the promotional effects of animal fat in colorectal and breast carcinogenesis.

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“…44 Increased intake of marine n-3 PUFAs has also been suggested to reduce the risk of other age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, different types of cancer, and heart and circulatory diseases. [45][46][47] However, the disease preventive mechanism(s) mobilized by dietary n-3 PUFAs are not completely understood. Previously, several reports have suggested a change in autophagy in cancer cell lines that are sensitive and display cytotoxic and/or cytostatic responses to physiological doses of PUFAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%