Fish Immunology. The modification and manipulation of the innate immune system: Brazilian studies

Abstract

The understanding of fish immune system structure and function is essential for the development of new technologies and products to improve productivity. This is the first review on immune system of fish with Brazilian studies. Aquaculture in Brazil has shown massive growth in recent years due to methods of culture intensification. However, these procedures led to disease outbreaks, as well as the chemotherapy and the misuse of antibiotics. A viable alternative to avoid the use of chemicals and prevent economic losses is the administration of immunostimulants and prebiotcs, which act by increasing the innate immune system. In Brazil there is a lack of studies on fish immune system, except by some groups that have studied the effects of the immunostimulants administration in various species.

Hematological responses of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Serrassalmidae) fed with diets supplemented with essential oil from Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…This was also observed in L. rohita fed with diets containing M. indica and challenged with A. hydrophila (Sahu et al 2007). Ingestion of essential oil, such as from M. piperita, through diets, can be used as an immunostimulant, as reported for several species of plants and animals (Bairwa et al 2012;Biller-Takahashi and Urbinati 2014;Mehana et al 2015).…”

“…Use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for treatment and prophylaxis in aquaculture can have many negative impacts, and this has led to a search for alternative products, such as probiotics and immunostimulants from plants (Logambal et al 2000;Biller-Takahashi and Urbinati 2014;Mehana et al 2015). Evaluation of the use of phytochemicals in aquaculture is a relatively new research area, but this has been generating promising results (Anderson 1992;Citarasu 2010;Biller-Takahashi and Urbinati 2014).…”

“…Evaluation of the use of phytochemicals in aquaculture is a relatively new research area, but this has been generating promising results (Anderson 1992;Citarasu 2010;Biller-Takahashi and Urbinati 2014).…”

Inhibition of immune responses and related proteins in Rhamdia quelen exposed to diclofenac

“…immune system [15]. In the present study, diclofenac-exposed fish had significantly reduced expression of Mhc1 in both male and female fishes, which could have reduced the response of T lymphocytes and thus affected the acquired immune response, as well as the innate immune response.…”

Dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the Nrf2 and E2F4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…The fish head kidney and spleen consist of variably sized immune cells [11]. These immune cells can secrete humoural components such as lysozyme, acid phosphatase (ACP) and complement that play crucial roles in innate immune response [12].…”