Fish Gill Ionic Transport: Methods and Models

Evans, David H.; Claiborne, James B.; Farmer, Linda L.; Mallery, Charles H.; Krasny, Edward J.

doi:10.2307/1541502

Cited by 54 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…various studies show the involvement of the chloride cells in ion transport across the gill epithelium (Payan et al 1981, Evans et al 1982, Pang 1983). Chloride cell swelling or proliferation in fish gills reflects more cellular activity (Mallatt 1985), a compensatory mechanism in response to ion deficiency (Laurent & Dune1 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of aluminum and acid on the gill morphology in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneii

1988

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SynopsisThe objective was to determine the effects of acid and aluminum in acidified hard and soft water on the histology and morphometry of rainbow trout gills, and to determine relevant toxicity indicators within the gill tissue. Acid and aluminum promoted measurable primary epithelial hyperplasia which proved to be a reliable biological indicator of acid and aluminum contamination and possibly of some predictive value. Low levels of aluminum and acid resulted in hypertrophied chloride cells, suggesting a role in adapting to the contaminants. High concentrations of aluminum (>lO~.~moll-') caused chloride cell necrosis and consequently a decline in cell numbers over time. Aluminum precipitates accumulating within the chloride cell cytoplasm probably lead to impaired function prior to cell degeneration. The morphological alterations resulted in a decrease in water space between secondary lamellae (up to 40% within 14 d) which may reduce the efficiency of gas exchange. Twice the aluminum was required in hard water to elicit a similar soft water tissue response. Pathological changes were more severe with aluminum at pH 5.2 than at pH 4.7; results of aluminum speciation suggest that both labile and non-labile fractions are responsible for the induction of gill lesions. Low levels of aluminum may protect fish from the effects of high hydrogen ion concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of aluminum and acid on the gill morphology in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneii

1988

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“…Fish gills play vital roles, since they are the main site of gaseous exchanges (Hughes, 1966;Hughes, 1982). Furthermore, they are involved in osmorregulation (Gonzales and McDonald, 1992;Flik and Verbost, 1993;Romão et al, 2001;Verbost et al, 1994), acid-base balance (Epstein et al, 1980;Evans et al, 1982;Lin and Randall, 1991;McDonald et al, 1991;Goss et al, 1992), excretion of nitrogenous compounds (Goldstein, 1982;Evans and Cameron, 1986;Sayer and Davenport, 1987), and taste (Hughes, 1982;Rios and Fanta, 1998). Organic Pesticides (Davis and Wedemeyer, 1971;Rao and Rao, 1981;Mallatt, 1985;Evans, 1987;Laurent and Perry, 1991;Nowak, 1992;Wendelaar Bonga and Lock, 1992), detergents (Schimid and Mann, 1961;Abel, 1976;Bolis and Rankin, 1980), acids (Daye and Garside, 1980;McDonald, 1983;Kawall, 1993), salts (Hossler, 1980;Luvizotto, 1994;Fanta et al, 1995), industrial waste (Mitz and Giesy, 1985;Stoker et al, 1985;Lindesjöö and Thulin, 1994), ammonia (Smart, 1976;Arillo et al, 1979;Soderberg et al, 1984) and heavy metals …”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of the organophosphorous methyl parathion on the branchial epithelium of a freshwater fish Metynnis roosevelti

Machado

Fanta

2003

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Gills are vital structures for fish, since they are the main site for gaseous exchange as well as partially responsible for osmorregulation, acid-basic balance, excretion of nitrogenous compounds and taste. Chemicals in the water may alter the morphology of branchial cells of fish that are, therefore, a useful model for environmental impact and ecotoxicology studies. In order to investigate the effects of an organophosphorous compound, methyl parathion, on the gills of the fish, samples of Metynnis roosevelti were exposed to lethal (7ppm) and sublethal (1ppm) doses of Mentox 600 CE. Through light and scanning electron microscopy, shrinking of the branchial epithelium, followed by detachment and hyperplasia were observed. Externally, the branchial filaments presented the gradual disappearance of microridges. Even in sublethal doses, the organophosphorous reduced the health and fitness of these fish, as consequence of secondary effects derived from changes in the branchial epithelium, impairing oxygenation and ionic balance of the organism.
As brânquias são estruturas vitais para peixes, pois são o principal local de trocas gasosas, assim como parcialmente responsáveis pela osmorregulação, pelo equilíbrio ácido-básico, pela excreção de compostos nitrogenados e pela gustação. Compostos químicos na água podem alterar a morfologia das células branquiais de peixes, que se constituem, dessa forma, em um útil modelo para estudos de impacto ambiental. Visando investigar os efeitos de um composto organofosforado, o metil paration, em brânquias de peixes, exemplares de Metynnis roosevelti foram expostos a doses letais (7ppm) e subletais (1ppm) de Mentox 600 CE. Observações em microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura evidenciaram enrugamento do epitélio branquial, seguido por descolamento e hiperplasia. Externamente, os filamentos branquiais apresentaram desaparecimento gradual das microssaliências. Os resultados mostram que, mesmo em doses subletais, o organofosforado poderá levar o animal a sofrer conseqüências secundárias decorrentes das alterações da superfície de trocas gasosas e iônicas

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“…Since these early times, indirect evidence that support the model has been accumulating. Most of these experiments have been achieved on fish (see Maetz 1974;Kirschner 1979;Evans 1980;Evans et al 1982, for reviews) and it has been customary to consider the too few experiments done on crustaceans in the light of those done with fish. Further, most of these experiments, either on fish or on crustacean, have been performed on whole animals and this failed to provide conclusive information leading to a clear characterization of the particular mechanisms and driving forces at work at the gill level.…”

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confidence: 99%