Fish cell lines: Establishment and characterization of nine cell lines from salmonids

Lannan, C. N.; Winton, James R.; Fryer, J. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02618871

Cited by 376 publications

(236 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the incubation temperature for maximal growth was slightly higher than the preferred temperature (21-28 ° C) of green turtles in nature (15). Wolf (26) suggested culturing fish cells at temperatures slightly above that preferred by the intact animal, and cell lines established from other cold-blooded marine animals similarly show a differential temperature optimum for the host (17,21,22,26). It is currently unclear whether the optimal growth temperature of turtle cells is also optimal for the replication and expression of latent viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and characterization of 13 cell lines from a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas

Nerurkar

Aguirre³

et al. 1999

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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SUMMARYThirteen cell lines were established and characterized from brain, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, liver, gall bladder, urinary bladder, pancreas, testis, skin, and periorbital and tumor tissues of an immature male green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas. Cell lines were optimally maintained at 30 ° C in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Propagation of the turtle cell lines was serum dependent, and plating efficiencies ranged from 13 to 37%. The cell lines, which have been subcultivated more than 20 times, had a doubling time of approximately 30 to 36 h. When tested for their sensitivity to several fish viruses, most of the cell lines were susceptible to a rhabdovirus, spring viremia carp virus, but refractory to channel catfish virus (a herpesvirus), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (a birnavirus), and two other fish rhabdoviruses, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. During in vitro subeuhivation, tumor-like cell aggregates appeared in cell lines derived from lungs, testis, and periorbital and tumor tissues, and small, naked intranuelear virus particles were detected by thin-section electron microscopy. These cell lines are currently being used in attempts to isolate the putative etiologic virus of green turtle fibropapilloma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and characterization of 13 cell lines from a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas

Nerurkar

Aguirre³

et al. 1999

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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“…As IPNV is ubiquitous in Norwegian salmon farming (Melby et al 1991, Jarp et al 1995, the homogenates were treated with a mix of polyclonal neutralising antibodies against IPNV serotype Sp and serotype Ab. The homogenates were then inoculated onto cell cultures from bluegill fry fibroblast (BF)-2 cells (Wolf & Quimby 1966), epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) (Fijan et al 1983), rainbow trout gonad (RTG)-2 (Wolf & Quimby 1962), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE)-214 (Lannan et al 1984) and Atlantic salmon head kidney (ASK) (Devold et al 2000). Inoculated cells were incubated for 1 wk at both 15 and 20°C in parallel and were regularly investigated with an inverted microscope for the occurrence of a cytopathic effect (CPE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Fritsvold¹,

Kongtorp²,

Taksdal³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a disease of unknown aetiology, having significant economic impact as it primarily affects large, farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in seawater, close to harvest. In the present study, we have demonstrated that CMS is a transmissible disease under experimental conditions. Histopathological lesions consistent with CMS were induced in Atlantic salmon post-smolts after injection of tissue homogenate from farmed fish diagnosed with CMS. Six weeks post-injection (p.i.), experimental fish started developing focal to multi-focal lesions in the atrial endo-and myocardium, with subsequent progression to the ventricle. This proceeded into severe endocarditis and subsequent myocarditis with mononuclear cell infiltration of the atrium and, to a lesser degree, the spongy layer of the ventricle. These lesions were consistent with histopathological findings in field outbreaks of CMS. From Week 33 p.i., lesions also appeared in the compact myocardium, with focal epicarditis adjacent to focal myocardial lesions. In conclusion, these results indicate that CMS has an infectious aetiology and should be treated as a potentially contagious disease.

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“…All IHNV isolates were obtained as virus in frozen cell-culture supernatants prepared using standardized fish health protocols (LaPatra, 1994). Although the exact passage history of some historical isolates could not be obtained, the great majority of the isolates would have been passed only once or twice in fish cellculture lines, such as epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells (Fijan et al, 1983) or chinook salmon embryo 214 cells (Lannan et al, 1984).Sequence analysis. The phylogenetic analysis shown is based on the sequence of a 303 nucleotide region in the middle of the IHNV G gene, referred to as the mid-G sequence (nt 686-988 of the fulllength IHNV G gene sequence; GenBank accession no.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in North America

Kurath

Garver

Troyer

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

194

209

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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen that infects wild and cultured salmonid fish throughout the Pacific Northwest of North America. IHNV causes severe epidemics in young fish and can cause disease or occur asymptomatically in adults. In a broad survey of 323 IHNV field isolates, sequence analysis of a 303 nucleotide variable region within the glycoprotein gene revealed a maximum nucleotide diversity of 8?6 %, indicating low genetic diversity overall for this virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three major virus genogroups, designated U, M and L, which varied in topography and geographical range. Intragenogroup genetic diversity measures indicated that the M genogroup had three-to fourfold more diversity than the other genogroups and suggested relatively rapid evolution of the M genogroup and stasis within the U genogroup. We speculate that factors influencing IHNV evolution may have included ocean migration ranges of their salmonid host populations and anthropogenic effects associated with fish culture. INTRODUCTIONInfectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus that causes acute, systemic disease in salmonid fish and also occurs in asymptomatic fish hosts. The virus is currently endemic throughout the Pacific Northwest of North America, with a contiguous range extending from Alaska to California and inland to Idaho. Within this geographical area the host range of IHNV includes five species of Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon and several trout species (Wolf, 1988;Bootland & Leong, 1999). The first reported epidemics of IHNV occurred in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry at Washington and Oregon fish hatcheries during the 1950s (Rucker et al., 1953;Guenther et al., 1959;Wingfield et al., 1969). Surveys indicated that IHNV was endemic in sockeye throughout Alaska by 1974(Grischkowsky & Amend, 1976, but the virus was not widespread in Washington and Oregon through the 1970s (Amend & Wood, 1972; Mulcahy et al., 1980;Pilcher & Fryer, 1980). Subsequently, two virus emergence events occurred in which IHNV became endemic in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) throughout the Hagerman Valley trout farming industry in southern Idaho between 1977(Busch, 1983 and in salmonids of the middle and lower Columbia River basin in the early 1980s (Groberg, 1983;Groberg & Fryer, 1983). In addition to cultured fish, IHNV is endemic in many wild salmonid stocks in the Pacific Northwest (Bootland & Leong, 1999).Due to the extensive economic losses caused by IHNV in fish culture facilities, the virus has been well characterized in biological, immunological and molecular biological studies (for reviews, see Wolf, 1988;Bootland & Leong, 1999). IHNV is the type species of the genus Novirhabdovirus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Similar to other rhabdoviruses, IHNV has a linear single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome of approximately 11 000 nucleotides. The IHNV genome contains six genes in the order 39-N-P-M-G-NV-L-59, representing the nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, glyco...

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Fish cell lines: Establishment and characterization of nine cell lines from salmonids

Cited by 376 publications

References 18 publications

Establishment and characterization of 13 cell lines from a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas

Establishment and characterization of 13 cell lines from a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas

Experimental transmission of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Phylogeography of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in North America

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