2000
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(99)00124-8
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Fish bioassays for evaluation of raw and bioremediated dairy effluent

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Cited by 17 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…As supplements or alternative to physicochemical quantitative analyses, biological tests that employ organisms such as invertebrates, fish, daphnia, and microorganisms, have been widely used in toxicity assessment of contaminated water [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. Because biological tests, generally named ecotoxicity tests, evaluate toxicity based on changes in the response of organisms to contaminants, they can directly demonstrate the impacts of contaminants on living organisms and the environment [8,15,[19][20][21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As supplements or alternative to physicochemical quantitative analyses, biological tests that employ organisms such as invertebrates, fish, daphnia, and microorganisms, have been widely used in toxicity assessment of contaminated water [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. Because biological tests, generally named ecotoxicity tests, evaluate toxicity based on changes in the response of organisms to contaminants, they can directly demonstrate the impacts of contaminants on living organisms and the environment [8,15,[19][20][21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bioassays depend on the change in the physiological response of living organisms, such as growth rate, photosynthetic activity, and biochemical properties such as respiration, amperometry, and bioluminescence . Fish, Daphnia , algae, some bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria, aerobic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , oligotrophic bacteria, biolumiscent bacteria like Vibrio fischeri , , Photobacterium phosphorium , bacteria in microbial fuel cells, and iron-oxidizing bacteria are all able to detect the toxic effects of herbicides, organic toxic compounds, and heavy metals. However, their detection limits are high, need long time incubation times, and special instrumentation such as Microtox, respirometry, oxygen meters, or multimeters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Το παραπροϊόν αυτό, αντιπροσωπεύει περίπου το 85-95% του όγκου του γάλακτος και συγκρατεί περίπου το 55% από τα θρεπτικά του συστατικά. Από αυτά σε μεγαλύτερη αφθονία απαντάται η λακτόζη (4,5-5% w/v), οι διαλυτές πρωτεΐνες (0,6-0,8% w/v), τα λιπίδια (0,4 -0,5% w/v) και τα μεταλλικά άλατα (8-10% του ξηρού εκχυλίσματος), ενώ αποτελείται κατά 93% από νερό (Mishra et al, 2000). Τα μεταλλικά άλατα του τυρόγαλου είναι κυρίως χλωριούχο νάτριο και χλωριούχο κάλιο σε ποσοστό μεγαλύτερο του 50% καθώς και άλατα του ασβεστίου.…”
Section: τυρόγαλοunclassified