Fish as model systems for the study of vertebrate apoptosis

Krumschnabel, Gerhard; Podrabsky, Jason E.

doi:10.1007/s10495-008-0281-y

Cited by 70 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Fish models may provide unique advantages for the study of apoptosis [168,169]. Zebrafish and other teleost species are useful for studying apoptotic cell death occurring not only during embryonic development but also in response to a variety of external stimuli including changes in oxygen availability, osmotic stress, high and low temperatures, and exposure to toxins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zebrafish as a model organism for the study of apoptosis

2009

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Apoptosis plays important roles in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and immune system regulation. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful vertebrate model organism that has been extensively used to study apoptotic cell death during normal development and under conditions of cellular stress. In the past 5 years, a detailed picture has begun to emerge of the molecular underpinnings of the cell-intrinsic and the cell-extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways in zebrafish. We begin this review with an introduction to the techniques and experimental approaches that are used to study apoptosis in zebrafish. We follow with a general overview of developmental apoptosis during zebrafish embryogenesis. Finally, we present a comprehensive review of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in zebrafish, focusing on the high degree of conservation with humans and other mammals. Recent publications that draw upon the unique advantages of the zebrafish system to study novel aspects of apoptosis regulation and function are highlighted throughout.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zebrafish as a model organism for the study of apoptosis

2009

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“…Today many components of the apoptosis pathway and their regulatory interactions are known [5]–[7]. In recent years, zebrafish have been increasingly used as model for studying apoptosis, because of the ease of experimental manipulation and the close homology of the apoptosis pathway core factors between fish and mammals [8]–[13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pou5f1/Oct4 Promotes Cell Survival via Direct Activation of mych Expression during Zebrafish Gastrulation

et al. 2014

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Myc proteins control cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis, and play important roles in cancer as well in establishment of pluripotency. Here we investigated the control of myc gene expression by the Pou5f1/Oct4 pluripotency factor in the early zebrafish embryo. We analyzed the expression of all known zebrafish Myc family members, myca, mycb, mych, mycl1a, mycl1b, and mycn, by whole mount in situ hybridization during blastula and gastrula stages in wildtype and maternal plus zygotic pou5f1 mutant (MZspg) embryos, as well as by quantitative PCR and in time series microarray data. We found that the broad blastula and gastrula stage mych expression, as well as late gastrula stage mycl1b expression, both depend on Pou5f1 activity. We analyzed ChIP-Seq data and found that both Pou5f1 and Sox2 bind to mych and mycl1b control regions. The regulation of mych by Pou5f1 appears to be direct transcriptional activation, as overexpression of a Pou5f1 activator fusion protein in MZspg embryos induced strong mych expression even when translation of zygotically expressed mRNAs was suppressed. We further showed that MZspg embryos develop enhanced apoptosis already during early gastrula stages, when apoptosis was not be detected in wildtype embryos. However, Mych knockdown alone did not induce early apoptosis, suggesting potentially redundant action of several early expressed myc genes, or combination of several pathways affected in MZspg. Experimental mych overexpression in MZspg embryos did significantly, but not completely suppress the apoptosis phenotype. Similarly, p53 knockdown only partially suppressed apoptosis in MZspg gastrula embryos. However, combined knockdown of p53 and overexpression of Mych completely rescued the MZspg apoptosis phenotype. These results reveal that Mych has anti-apoptotic activity in the early zebrafish embryo, and that p53-dependent and Myc pathways are likely to act in parallel to control apoptosis at these stages.

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“…Because of this diversity and their position at the base of the vertebrate phylogeny, some species are considered good models of evolution, development and human diseases [3-6]. For this reason, teleost species were among the first vertebrate genomes to be sequenced: the green spotted pufferfish, Tetraodon nigroviridis [7]and the fugu Takifugu rubripes [8] for their relatively small compact genome; the medaka Oryzias latipes [9] and the zebrafish Danio rerio [10] for their value as developmental models, short life cycle, ease of maintenance and amenity to genetic manipulations [11,12]; and the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus http://www.ensembl.org as a model for evolution [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax genome puzzle: comparative BAC-mapping and low coverage shotgun sequencing

et al. 2010

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BackgroundFood supply from the ocean is constrained by the shortage of domesticated and selected fish. Development of genomic models of economically important fishes should assist with the removal of this bottleneck. European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (Moronidae, Perciformes, Teleostei) is one of the most important fishes in European marine aquaculture; growing genomic resources put it on its way to serve as an economic model.ResultsEnd sequencing of a sea bass genomic BAC-library enabled the comparative mapping of the sea bass genome using the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus genome as a reference. BAC-end sequences (102,690) were aligned to the stickleback genome. The number of mappable BACs was improved using a two-fold coverage WGS dataset of sea bass resulting in a comparative BAC-map covering 87% of stickleback chromosomes with 588 BAC-contigs. The minimum size of 83 contigs covering 50% of the reference was 1.2 Mbp; the largest BAC-contig comprised 8.86 Mbp. More than 22,000 BAC-clones aligned with both ends to the reference genome. Intra-chromosomal rearrangements between sea bass and stickleback were identified. Size distributions of mapped BACs were used to calculate that the genome of sea bass may be only 1.3 fold larger than the 460 Mbp stickleback genome.ConclusionsThe BAC map is used for sequencing single BACs or BAC-pools covering defined genomic entities by second generation sequencing technologies. Together with the WGS dataset it initiates a sea bass genome sequencing project. This will allow the quantification of polymorphisms through resequencing, which is important for selecting highly performing domesticated fish.

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Fish as model systems for the study of vertebrate apoptosis

Cited by 70 publications

References 173 publications

The zebrafish as a model organism for the study of apoptosis

The zebrafish as a model organism for the study of apoptosis

Pou5f1/Oct4 Promotes Cell Survival via Direct Activation of mych Expression during Zebrafish Gastrulation

The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax genome puzzle: comparative BAC-mapping and low coverage shotgun sequencing

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