Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis as the Key for Decentralized Sustainable Kerosene Production

Meurer, Andreas; Kern, Jürgen

doi:10.3390/en14071836

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most literature reviews and discussions have focused on synthesis routes; − general performance characteristics of SAFs including local pollutant emissions; GHG emissions, radiative forcing, and climate impact; − as well as life-cycle analyses and techno-economic assessments for alternative aviation fuel candidates. − Specific suggestions include biobased cycloalkanes as pathway to aromatic-free high-performance aviation fuels, decentralized FT synthesis at airports to avoid fuel transportation losses, synthesis of electrofuels with drop-in potential from cellulosic-biomass-derived platform chemicals, exploration of suitable regions for solarthermal SAF production, utilization of CO 2 as a resource, of waste through gasification or different liquefaction technologies, , and of algae as basis for jet fuel production . Furthermore, hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, LNG, and other options are being discussed as future jet fuels, compounds whose combustion has, in part, already been discussed (Section ).…”

Section: Fuels For a Carbon-reduced Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Kohse‐Höinghaus

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Combustion is a reactive oxidation process that releases energy bound in chemical compounds used as fuels�energy that is needed for power generation, transportation, heating, and industrial purposes. Because of greenhouse gas and local pollutant emissions associated with fossil fuels, combustion science and applications are challenged to abandon conventional pathways and to adapt toward the demand of future carbon neutrality. For the design of efficient, low-emission processes, understanding the details of the relevant chemical transformations is essential. Comprehensive knowledge gained from decades of fossil-fuel combustion research includes general principles for establishing and validating reaction mechanisms and process models, relying on both theory and experiments with a suite of analytic monitoring and sensing techniques. Such knowledge can be advantageously applied and extended to configure, analyze, and control new systems using different, nonfossil, potentially zero-carbon fuels. Understanding the impact of combustion and its links with chemistry needs some background. The introduction therefore combines information on exemplary cultural and technological achievements using combustion and on nature and effects of combustion emissions. Subsequently, the methodology of combustion chemistry research is described. A major part is devoted to fuels, followed by a discussion of selected combustion applications, illustrating the chemical information needed for the future.

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Section: Fuels For a Carbon-reduced Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Kohse‐Höinghaus

2023

Chem. Rev.

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“…The paybacks on investment are less than 3 and 4 years for electricity prices of 39.62 EUR/MWh and 92.2 EUR/MWh, respectively. Meurur and Kern [181] presented a work focused on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) as an option to significantly reduce emissions in the aviation sector. Meurur and Kern [181] presented a work focused on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) as an option to significantly reduce emissions in the aviation sector.…”

Section: Economic Assessment For Sustainable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meurur and Kern [181] presented a work focused on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) as an option to significantly reduce emissions in the aviation sector. Meurur and Kern [181] presented a work focused on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) as an option to significantly reduce emissions in the aviation sector. Figure 7 illustrates the proposed scheme of a power-to-liquid process based on Python, which aims to model the Fischer-Tropsch reactor for open-source simulations.…”

Section: Economic Assessment For Sustainable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Low-Carbon and Sustainable, Efficient Technology: Strategies and Applications

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the supply chains of traditional fossil fuels. According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) from 2020, oil-refining activity fell by more than the IEA had anticipated. It was also assumed that the demand in 2021 would likely be 2.6 million bpd below the 2019 levels. However, renewable markets have shown strong resilience during the crisis. It was determined that renewables are on track to meet 80% of the growth in electricity demand over the next 10 years and that sustainable energy will act as the primary source of electricity production instead of coal. On the other hand, the report also emphasized that measures for reducing environmental pollution and CO2 emissions are still insufficient and that significant current investments should be further expanded. The Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conference series is dedicated to the advancement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for improving the sustainability of development by decoupling growth from the use of natural resources. The 15th SDEWES conference was held online from 1–5 September 2020; more than 300 reports with 7 special sections were organized on the virtual conference platform. This paper presents the major achievements of the recommended papers in the Special Issue of Energies. Additionally, related studies connected to the above papers published in the SDEWES series are also introduced, including the four main research fields of energy saving and emission reduction, renewable energy applications, the development of district heating systems, and the economic assessment of sustainable energy.

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“…Among other things, the PtL process offers a possible solution for the decentralized production of synthetic kerosene. Meurer and Kern [11] describe the basic development of a simplified plant layout that addresses the specific challenges of decentralized kerosene production and shows the influence of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on the PtL process using a stationary reactor model. The results confirmed the decisive influence of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor on the PtL process.…”

Section: State Of Research/literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Economic Assessment of Synthetic Fuels in Agriculture—A Case Study from Northern Germany

Fuchs¹,

Meyer²,

Poehls³

2022

Energies

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A climate-friendly and CO2-neutral energy supply for agricultural farms is the subject of investigation of this study. The supply concerns the internal economy (buildings and animal husbandry) as well as the production of synthetic fuels for outdoor work (cultivation of the fields). This energy is in demand with many customers, e.g., the dairy cooperative Arla Foods, whose goal is the production of cow’s milk with net-zero CO2 emissions by the year 2050. The operational energy system considered here included renewable electricity generation, covering electricity consumption in the cowshed, battery storage for times without electricity generation, the production of synthetic fuels and feeding into the public power grid. Fluctuations depending on the day and the season were taken into account for electricity at 15-min intervals and for fuel per calendar week for one year. The aim was to determine the necessary capacities of renewable energy (RE) generation systems and production systems for synthetic fuel, as well as an economic evaluation with the calculation of the energy costs per kWh and the break-evens for the capital expenses (CapEx). Two different scenarios were developed using the example of a survey dairy farm with an annual electricity consumption of approximately 80,000 kWh in the cowshed and an annual diesel consumption of 35,000 L, corresponding to 350,000 kWh for field work. To ensure the energy supply, Scenario 1 required a photovoltaic system (PV) on the roof with an output of 125 kWp, a 250 kW small wind turbine, a battery with a storage capacity of 2 kWh and synthetic fuel production with an output of 210 kW. Scenario 2 required a 200 kWp PV system on the roof and a 520 kWp PV system in the open fields, a battery with a 105 kWh storage capacity and a synthetic fuel production facility with an output of 385 kW to cover the farm’s energy needs. The results showed that a farm’s own electricity production is currently profitable; however, a farm’s production of synthetic fuel still has comparatively high costs and therefore is not yet profitable. Further technical advances, rising prices of fossil fuels and economies of scale, e.g., larger cooperatively-operated plants, could help new technology to make a breakthrough.

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Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis as the Key for Decentralized Sustainable Kerosene Production

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Recent Advances in Low-Carbon and Sustainable, Efficient Technology: Strategies and Applications

Production and Economic Assessment of Synthetic Fuels in Agriculture—A Case Study from Northern Germany

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