Fiscal morality and the underground economy in countries of the European Union and the USA

Abstract

The research was conducted to explore fiscal morality and underground economy of European countries and the US. The study was based on the assumption that the growth rate of an economy has a significant influence on tax compliance. In addition, the research investigated the effect of other factors on tax compliance of various countries. The factors included life expectancy, GDP growth rate, expenditure on education, and proportion of people living below the median income. Tax revenue was used to represent the level of tax compliance. The nations considered for this study included Germany, Italy, France, UK, and the US. Data was obtained from the World Bank Database, for the period 1971-2020. The findings depicted that economic growth was negatively associated with tax revenue. However, life expectancy, education expenditure, and poverty levels had a positive association with tax revenue. The regression models indicated that Italy had the most suitable model for estimation of tax compliance of fiscal morality among the selected countries.

Tax Education and Tax Compliance: A Review of Literature

“…This resulted in a compliance yield of £30.4 billion, or revenue that would not have been lost to the Exchequer (Keeling, 2022). However, in some quarters a common method of tax evasion employed by several companies worldwide is to operate covertly, evading the notice of tax authorities (Mititelu, Amzuica, Chiriac & Nișulescu, 2022). Poland has the largest subterranean economy in Europe, accounting for 26.6% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP); it is preceded by Greece and Italy, which have underground economies of 26.1% and 23.4% of GDP, alongside Switzerland, which has the smallest underground economy, accounting for 8.2% of GDP (Enste, 2018).…”

“…Poland has the largest subterranean economy in Europe, accounting for 26.6% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP); it is preceded by Greece and Italy, which have underground economies of 26.1% and 23.4% of GDP, alongside Switzerland, which has the smallest underground economy, accounting for 8.2% of GDP (Enste, 2018). Taxing activities that take place in an underground economy is a tough endeavor since it is difficult to measure the economic activity that takes place in this economic sector (Mititelu, Amzuica, Chiriac & Nișulescu, 2022).…”