Fiscal capacity and public health expenditure in Zimbabwe

Chipunza, Tamisai; Nhamo, Senia

doi:10.1080/23322039.2023.2175459

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These methods include government spending on hospitals, doctors, paramedics, etc. On the other hand, in contrast to the aforementioned indications, we adhere to the research conducted by Chipunza and Nhamo ( 56 ) and use total governmental health expenditures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also be expected that increases in public health expenditures will improve health care, lower its costs, and expand its accessibility ( 54 , 55 ). Therefore, when public health facilities are easily accessible, the favorable economic impacts of green taxation on public health, such as lower healthcare expenditures and greater productivity, can get even more pronounced ( 56 ).…”

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-friendly revenues for healthcare: assessing the relationship between green taxation, public health expenditures, and life expectancy in China

Zhang

2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionThe synergy of green taxation, public health expenditures, and life expectancy emerges as a compelling narrative in the intricate symphony of environmental responsibility and public well-being. Therefore, this study examine the impact of green taxation on life expectancy and the moderating role of public health expenditure on the said nexus, particularly in the context of China, an emerging economy.MethodsStatistical data is collected from the National Bureau of Statistics of China to empirically examine the proposed relationships. The dataset contains provincial data across years.ResultsUsing fixed-effect and system GMM regression models alongwith control variables, the results found a positive and statistically significant influence of green taxation on life expectancy. Moreover, public health expenditures have a positive and statistically significant partial moderating impact on the direct relationship.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the higher cost of pollution encourages individuals and businesses to shift to less environmentally harmful alternatives, subsequently improving public health. Moreover, government investment in the health sector increases the availability and accessibility of health facilities; thus, the positive impact of green taxation on public health gets more pronounced. The findings significantly contribute to the fields of environmental and health economics and provide a new avenue of research for the academic community and policymakers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly revenues for healthcare: assessing the relationship between green taxation, public health expenditures, and life expectancy in China

Zhang

2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Thus, Zimbabwe’s health sector has generally been underfunded, with the problem becoming more pronounced during the crisis period (late 1990s to 2008). Public health expenditure fell to less than 1% of GDP [ 10 ], and per capita public health spending reached a record low level of US$0.02 [ 11 ] against a minimum of US$60 (2005 prices) per person required to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) [ 12 ]. Underfunding persisted even after the crisis period, causing the country to rely on Out of Pocket (OOP) payments and financing from development partners, each constituting about 25% of total health expenditure [ 7 , 8 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential demand for National Health Insurance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from selected urban informal sector clusters in Harare

Chipunza

Nhamo

2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Zimbabwe’s tax-based healthcare financing model has been characterised by perennial financing deficits and widespread application of user fees and has thus been socially exclusive. The country’s urban informal sector population is not spared from these challenges. The study explored the potential demand for National Health Insurance (NHI) among respondents from selected urban informal sector clusters of Harare. The following clusters were targeted: Glenview furniture complex, Harare home industries, Mupedzanhamo flea market, Mbare new wholesale market and Mbare retail market. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to 388 respondents from the selected clusters, and data on the determinants of Willingness to Join (WTJ) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) was gathered. Respondents were recruited via a multi-stage sampling procedure. In the first stage, the five informal sector clusters were purposely selected. The second stage involved a proportional allocation of respondents by cluster size. Finally, based on the stalls allocated by municipal authorities in each area, respondents were selected using systematic sampling. The sampling interval (k) was determined by dividing the total number of allocated stalls in a cluster (N) by the sample size proportionate to that cluster (n). For each cluster, the first stall (respondent) was randomly chosen, and thereafter, a respondent from every 10th stall was selected and interviewed at their workplace. Contingent valuation was adopted to elicit WTP. Logit models and interval regression were applied for the econometric analyses. Results A total of 388 respondents participated in the survey. The dominant informal sector activity among the surveyed clusters was the sale of clothing and shoes (39.2%), followed by the sale of agricultural products (27.1%). Concerning employment status, the majority were own-account workers (73.1%). Most of the respondents (84.8%) completed secondary school. On monthly income from informal sector activities, the highest frequency (37.1%) was observed in the Zw$(1000 to <3000) or US$(28.57 to <85.71) category. The mean age of respondents was 36 years. Out of the 388 respondents, 325 (83.8%) were willing to join the proposed NHI scheme. WTJ was influenced by the following factors: health insurance awareness, health insurance perception, membership to a resource-pooling scheme, solidarity with the sick, and household recently experiencing difficulties paying for healthcare. On average, respondents were willing to pay Zw$72.13 (approximately US$2.06) per person per month. The key determinants of WTP were household size, respondent’s education level, income, and health insurance perception. Conclusions Since the majority of respondents from the sampled clusters were willing to join and pay for the contributory NHI scheme, it follows that there is potential to implement the scheme for the urban informal sector workers from the clusters studied. However, some issues require careful consideration. The informal sector workers need to be educated on the concept of risk pooling and the benefits of being members of an NHI scheme. Household size and income are factors that require special attention when deciding on the premiums for the scheme. Moreover, given that price instability hurts financial products such as health insurance, there is a need for ensuring macroeconomic stability.

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Income per capita and government healthcare financing in Sub-Saharan Africa: The moderating effect of indebtedness

Chipunza,

Ntsalaze

2024

Scientific African

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Fiscal capacity and public health expenditure in Zimbabwe

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Eco-friendly revenues for healthcare: assessing the relationship between green taxation, public health expenditures, and life expectancy in China

Eco-friendly revenues for healthcare: assessing the relationship between green taxation, public health expenditures, and life expectancy in China

Potential demand for National Health Insurance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from selected urban informal sector clusters in Harare

Income per capita and government healthcare financing in Sub-Saharan Africa: The moderating effect of indebtedness

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