First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

Salomón, Oscar Daniel; Sinagra, Angel; Nevot, María; Barberian, G.; Paulin, Patricia; Estévez, José Octavio; Riarte, Adelina

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762008000100018

Cited by 91 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The annual cumulative incidence rate increased more discretely, but the mortality rate rose significantly despite medical advances and the development of specific guidelines for the most serious presentation of this disease 38,39 . Recently, urban outbreaks have begun to occur in neighboring Argentina 40 . The situation of leishmaniasis in Brazil is the opposite to that of China, because after nearly 30 years of trying to control the disease, that country had about 10 times fewer cases than China had in 1950 and currently has 10 times more than China now has.…”

Section: New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy

Costa

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

127

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How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? A critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policyQuanto é efetivo o abate de cães para o controle do calazar zoonótico? Uma avaliação crítica da ciência, política e ética por trás desta política de saúde pública Carlos Henrique Nery Costa 1,2 ABSTRACT Introduction: Zoonotic kala-azar, a lethal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania is considered out of control in parts of the world, particularly in Brazil, where transmission has spread to cities throughout most of the territory and mortality presents an increasing trend. Although a highly debatable measure, the Brazilian government regularly culls seropositive dogs to control the disease. Since control is failing, critical analysis concerning the actions focused on the canine reservoir was conducted. Methods: In a review of the literature, a historical perspective focusing mainly on comparisons between the successful Chinese and Soviet strategies and the Brazilian approach is presented. In addition, analyses of the principal studies regarding the role of dogs as risk factors to humans and of the main intervention studies regarding the efficacy of the dog killing strategy were undertaken. Brazilian political reaction to a recently published systematic review that concluded that the dog culling program lacked efficiency and its effect on public policy were also reviewed. Results: No firm evidence of the risk conferred by the presence of dogs to humans was verified; on the contrary, a lack of scientific support for the policy of killing dogs was confirmed. A bias for distorting scientific data towards maintaining the policy of culling animals was observed. Conclusions: Since there is no evidence that dog culling diminishes visceral leishmaniasis transmission, it should be abandoned as a control measure. Ethical considerations have been raised regarding distorting scientific results and the killing of animals despite minimal or absent scientific evidence

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Section: New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy

Costa

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

127

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“…longipalpis was reported from the city of Posadas 31 . From May 2006 up to November 2009, 39 cases of human VL, five fatal, were reported from the Posadas city area (PosadasGarupá), while in the same area thousands of dogs were infected, and Lu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

Santini

Salomón

Acardi

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYDuring the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Posadas City, Misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. The impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. Although Lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he was at a distance of 1.5 m from the dog. Peridomestic spraying of deltamethrin (25 mg/m 2 ) reduced the sand fly capture up to seven days post-intervention without dispersion in the border of the sprayed areas. These results support the recommendations about time-space focus of the protection measures: first half of the night, in the backyard, with pets and domestic animals kept at least 5 m from humans. The deltamethrin as it was used did not seem very effective in this scenario; neither did the eventual use of bed nets, at least in adults, due to the place/hour of sand fly higher activity. This study strengthens the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop prevention strategies based both on biological and anthropological studies.

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“…In Argentina, urban visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an emerging parasitosis; the first human case was registered in 2006 and since then its incidence and geographical distribution 20,23 have increased. The etiological agent in the region is Leishmania infantum (syn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first case in Argentina was announced in May 2006 in Posadas City, Misiones 20 . A total of 107 human cases have been detected since then, and 11 deaths reported in several provinces, none of them in Puerto Iguazú City (GOULD et al 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Phlebotominae in Puerto Iguazu-Misiones, Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay Border Area

Santini

Gould

Acosta

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARY The first Argentinian autochthonous human case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was confirmed in Posadas (Misiones) in 2006. Since then, the disease has increased its incidence and geographical distribution. In the 2006-2012 period, 107 human cases were detected (11 deaths). The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was detected in peridomiciles in Puerto Iguazú urban area in 2010; some of these findings were associated with households where cases of canine VL had already been reported. The objective of this study was to ascertain the abundance and spatial distribution of Lu. longipalpis in Puerto Iguazú City, on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border. Lu. longipalpis proved to be exclusively urban and was found in 31% of the households sampled (n = 53), 67% of which belonged to areas of low abundance, 20% to areas of moderate abundance and 13% to areas of high abundance. Nyssomyia whitmani was the only species found both in urban and peri-urban environments, and Migonemyia migonei was registered only on the outskirts of the city. Due to the fact that Puerto Iguazú is considered to be at moderate risk at the moment, it is necessary to intensify human and canine case controls, as well as take integrated prevention and control measures regarding the environment, vectors and reservoirs on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border area.

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First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

Abstract: An eight-year old boy from Posadas (27º 23' S, 55º 54' W)

Cited by 91 publications

References 9 publications

How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy

How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy

Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

Spatial Distribution of Phlebotominae in Puerto Iguazu-Misiones, Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay Border Area

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