“…Alternatively, many reports of successful bronchoscopic techniques and options of BPF closure using different devices have been attempted. These include antibiotics [ 10 ], cellulose [ 11 ], ethanol [ 12 ], cyanoacrylate compounds [ 13 , 14 ], vascular devices and plugs [ [15] , [16] , [17] ], fibrin or tissue glue [ [18] , [19] , [20] ], Watanabe spigots [ 21 ], EBVs [ [22] , [23] , [24] ], and autologous blood patches [ 25 ]. All have reported variable success rates and their own inherent limitations.…”