First-time lidar measurement of water vapor flux in a volcanic plume

Fiorani, Luca; Colao, F.; Palucci, A.; Poreh, Davod; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Giudice, Gaetano

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2010.10.082

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…A CO 2 laser-based lidar was used at Mt. Etna in 2008 [20] and at Stromboli Volcano in 2009 [21] to measure the volcanic plume water vapor flux. More recently, lidars were first been used to target volcanic CO 2 [9,10,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar

et al. 2017

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Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by precursory increases in the volcanic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux. Unfortunately, the traditional techniques used to measure volcanic CO 2 require near-vent, in situ plume measurements that are potentially hazardous for operators and expose instruments to extreme conditions. To overcome these limitations, the project BRIDGE (BRIDging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanoes) received funding from the European Research Council, with the objective to develop a new generation of volcanic gas sensing instruments, including a novel DIAL-Lidar (Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging) for remote (e.g., distal) CO 2 observations. Here we report on the results of a field campaign carried out at Mt. Etna from 28 July 2016 to 1 August 2016, during which we used this novel DIAL-Lidar to retrieve spatially and temporally resolved profiles of excess CO 2 concentrations inside the volcanic plume. By vertically scanning the volcanic plume at different elevation angles and distances, an excess CO 2 concentration of tens of ppm (up to 30% above the atmospheric background of 400 ppm) was resolved from up to a 4 km distance from the plume itself. From this, the first remotely sensed volcanic CO 2 flux estimation from Etna's northeast crater was derived at ≈2850-3900 tons/day. This Lidar-based CO 2 flux is in fair agreement with that (≈2750 tons/day) obtained using conventional techniques requiring the in situ measurement of volcanic gas composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar

et al. 2017

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“…1 have been used in the past to determine aerosol load 2 , SO 2 concentration 3 and water vapor flux in volcanic plumes 4 . One of the tasks of the recently begun FP7 ERC project BRIDGE 5 is the lidar measurement of CO 2 concentration in volcanic plumes.…”

Section: Lidarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar sounding of volcanic plumes

Fiorani

Aiuppa

Angelini

et al. 2013

Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing IX

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Accurate knowledge of gas composition in volcanic plumes has high scientific and societal value. On the one hand, it gives information on the geophysical processes taking place inside volcanos; on the other hand, it provides alert on possible eruptions. For this reasons, it has been suggested to monitor volcanic plumes by lidar. In particular, one of the aims of the FP7 ERC project BRIDGE is the measurement of CO 2 concentration in volcanic gases by differential absorption lidar. This is a very challenging task due to the harsh environment, the narrowness and weakness of the CO 2 absorption lines and the difficulty to procure a suitable laser source. This paper, after a review on remote sensing of volcanic plumes, reports on the current progress of the lidar system.

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“…VULLI underwent a first test at the end of 2014, is under upgrade at UTAPRAD-DIM and it is expected to operate in a volcanic area within 2015. BILLI and VULLI can also be used for the measurement of wind speed 8 , thanks to their ability of aiming the laser beam in different directions. The main specifications of the two DIAL systems are listed on Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidar detection of carbon dioxide in volcanic plumes

et al. 2015

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Volcanic gases give information on magmatic processes. In particular, anomalous releases of carbon dioxide precede volcanic eruptions. Up to now, this gas has been measured in volcanic plumes with conventional measurements that imply the severe risks of local sampling and can last many hours. For these reasons and for the great advantages of laser sensing, the thorough development of volcanic lidar has been undertaken at the Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory (UTAPRAD-DIM) of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA). In fact, lidar profiling allows one to scan remotely volcanic plumes in a fast and continuous way, and with high spatial and temporal resolution. Two differential absorption lidar instruments will be presented in this paper: BILLI (BrIdge voLcanic LIdar), based on injection seeded Nd:YAG laser, double grating dye laser, difference frequency mixing (DFM) and optical parametric amplifier (OPA), and VULLI (VULcamed Lidar), based on injection seeded Nd:YAG laser and optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The first one is funded by the ERC (European Research Council) project BRIDGE and the second one by the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) project VULCAMED. While VULLI has not yet been tested in a volcanic site, BILLI scanned the gas emitted by Pozzuoli Solfatara (Campi Flegrei volcanic area, Naples, Italy) during a field campaign carried out from 13 to 17 October 2014. Carbon dioxide concentration maps were retrieved remotely in few minutes in the crater area. Lidar measurements were in good agreement with well-established techniques, based on different operating principles. To our knowledge, it is the first time that carbon dioxide in a volcanic plume is retrieved by lidar, representing the first direct measurement of this kind ever performed on an active volcano and showing the high potential of laser remote sensing in geophysical research.

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First-time lidar measurement of water vapor flux in a volcanic plume

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar

Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar

Lidar sounding of volcanic plumes

Lidar detection of carbon dioxide in volcanic plumes

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